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Ayodhya Verdict: Security beefed up across country, schools and colleges remains close as SC delivers historic decision

Shashank Bharadwaj
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Ayodhya Verdict: Security beefed up across country, schools and colleges remains close as SC delivers historic decision

Security has been beefed up across the country following the historic judgement of the Supreme Court to hand over the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya land to the Hindu parties, making way for Hindu devotees to have a grand Ram Mandir at the birthplace of Lord Ram.

The historic temple town of Ayodhya has been turned into a fortress with the deployment of 60 companies of the PAC and paramilitary forces. The state administration has installed drones and CCTV cameras, which will also be used to monitor the situation at the city after the Supreme Court delivered its judgment in the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid land dispute case on Saturday.

Read: Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given an alternate site for the mosque

Social media posts are also being monitored across the state of Uttar Pradesh to prevent frenzy atmosphere as inflammatory content could be published across platforms in the light of Supreme Court judgement on Ayodhya dispute.

The Yogi Adityanath-led Uttar Pradesh government had earlier declared that all educational institutions will remain closed in UP from Saturday to Monday as a precautionary measure. Section 144 of CrPC, which prohibits the gathering of more than four people, has been clamped in entire Uttar Pradesh.

Read: Ayodhya verdict should not be seen as a win or lose, everyone should come together to build the Ram Mandir: Mohan Bhagwat

Apart from Uttar Pradesh, schools and colleges across the country are to be remained closed from Saturday. The Karnataka government declared that all schools and colleges in the state will remain closed on November 9 in view of the Supreme Court verdict in the Ayodhya land dispute case.

Restrictions have also been imposed in Jammu and Kashmir with schools and colleges to remain closed today. “Restrictions under Section 144 of the CrPC have been imposed in Jammu and Kashmir in view of the SC verdict as a precautionary measure,” DGP Dilbag Singh.

Similarly, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan have also declared a holiday for all educational institutes in the state in view of the verdict.

Apart from that, states and Union Territories have increased the presence of security forces on the streets. Additional forces have been deployed in sensitive areas and all jails have been put on high alert. The security arrangements have been made to ensure the safety and security of religious places across the country.

Delhi Police have also beefed up security across the national capital. The deputy commissioners of police of all districts, along with the station house officers, have been ordered to remain vigilant and patrol forces in communally sensitive areas.

PM Modi subtly chides Pakistan Prime Minister on Kartarpur Corridor inauguration, refers to him with his full name ‘Imran Khan Niazi’

OpIndia Staff
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PM Modi subtly chides Pakistan Prime Minister on Kartarpur Corridor inauguration, refers to him with his full name ‘Imran Khan Niazi’

Referring to Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan by his full name ‘Imran Khan Niazi’ Prime Minister Modi subtly chided the former by reminding him of the genocide perpetrated by Pakistan on its own people during 1971 war in Bangladesh and the role of Lt. Gen. A A K Niazi. Imran Khan and Lt Gen Niazi both belong to the same Niazi tribe of Pashtun ethnicity. On 16th December, 1971, the Eastern Command of Pakistan led by Lt. Gen. A K K Niazi signed the Instrument of Surrender in presence of India’s Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora, which led to formation of Bangladesh.

PM Modi said he would like to thank Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan Niazi for respecting the sentiments of India. PM Modi was speaking at the opening of Kartarpur Corridor today which marks the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev, founder of Sikhism.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi today inaugurated the Integrated Check Post, a passenger terminal building where pilgrims will get clearance to travel through the 4.5 km-long corridor. Until last year, Indian Sikh pilgrims had to cover an arduous 125-km long journey via Lahore to pay a visit to the Kartarpur gurdwara.

The Prime minister flagged off the first batch of over 500 Indian pilgrims that will travel to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Narowal district of Pakistan’s Punjab province through the Kartarpur corridor.

Addressing a public gathering at Dera Baba Nanak in Punjab’s Gurdaspur, PM Modi dedicated the corridor to the nation and congratulated everyone in India and across the world on this occasion. “I congratulate all of my Sikh brothers and sisters in India and around the world on the inauguration of Karatarpur corridor”, says PM Modi.


After the construction of this corridor, darshan of the Gurudwara Darbar Saheb will become easy said Modi while addressing the gathering at Dera Baba Nanak. He dwelled upon Guru Nanak’s preachings and said may the teachings of Guru Nanak flourish. “It is said that words always exist in the atmosphere in the form of energy”, the energy of Guruvani from Kartarpur will give blessings not only to our Sikh brothers but also to every Indian said PM Modi, informing that efforts are being made to turn Sultanpur Lodhi into a heritage town.

Read: Pakistan’s official song on Kartarpur Corridor features Bhindranwale and other Khalistani terrorists

“Guru Nanak Devji to Guru Govind Ji, then every Guru Sahib has made continuous efforts, made many sacrifices for the unity, defence and security of India,” PM Modi said that this tradition has been carried on with full vigour by the Sikh community in the freedom struggle and the defence of independent India.

“Our guru tradition, saint tradition, sage tradition, have suggested ways to deal with the challenges at different stages. Their paths were as meaningful then as they are today. Every saint, every guru has been urging towards national unity and national consciousness and we will keep up with this spirit and tradition”, he said.He further asked everyone present there to pledge that they will make Guru Nanak’s preachings a part of their lives and put in efforts to create harmony within the society.

Speaking about the successful removal of Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir, the Prime Minister said that the Sikhs living in the Valley will now get all the facilities which they have been deprived off until now. Moreover, due to the consistent efforts and decisions of the Central government, the problems which Sikhs abroad were facing while travelling to India have been removed, said PM Modi. Further, he expressed gratitude to the Punjab Government, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee for every labour partner who built this corridor in due time.

Read: Terror camps and terrorist training facilities setup near Kartarpur Sahib Gurdwara in Pakistan: Intelligence Reports

PM Modi had reached Amritsar airport this morning and paid obeisance at historic Ber Sahib Gurdwara, before heading for Dera Baba Nanak where he inaugurated the passenger terminal building of the Kartarpur Corridor. BJP MP from Gurdaspur, Sunny Deol, Union Minister Hardeep Puri and Shiromani Akali Dal’s Sukhbir Badal accompanied the PM at Dera Baba Nanak.


The corridor is being inaugurated almost a year after the foundation stone was laid down on the Indian side on November 26, 2018. Two days later, the foundation stone had been laid on the Pakistani side. This landmark people-to-people initiative comes against the backdrop of strained bilateral ties between the two countries over the issue of Kashmir.

The design of the state-of-the-art passenger terminal building is inspired by “Khanda”, a symbol of faith in the Sikh community. The fully air-conditioned building has over 50 immigration counters for facilitating about 5,000 pilgrims a day. The project was executed by a central government agency-Land Ports Authority of India. It has all the necessary public amenities such as kiosks, washrooms, childcare, first aid medical facilities, prayer room and snacks counters inside the main building. The national flag has been hoisted at the site on a 300-ft-tall post.

Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan will open the Kartarpur Corridor ahead of the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak on November 12.

Ayodhya verdict should not be seen as win or lose, everyone should come together to build the Ram Mandir: Mohan Bhagwat

OpIndia Staff
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Ayodhya verdict should not be seen as win or lose, everyone should come together to build the Ram Mandir: Mohan Bhagwat

Reacting to the Supreme Court judgement paving away for construction of the Ram Mandir at the Ram Janmabhoomi site in Ayodhya, RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat said that the verdict should not be seen from the angle of win or lose, and everyone should come together to build the mandir.

Addressing a press conference after the supreme court verdict, Bhagwat said that RSS welcomes the decision. He said that the case was going on for decades and it has reached the right conclusion. He also appealed everyone to maintain peace and harmony in society. The RSS chief said they want to end the fight and discord between the two communities.


Bhagwat said that RSS hopes that the government will soon initiate steps to end the dispute between the parties as per the Supreme Court verdict. Forgetting everything from the past, we all should perform our duties to construct a grand temple at the Ram Janmabhoomi site by everyone coming together.

Read: Masjid is a priceless entity, Allah owns it, we can’t accept any land ‘in exchange’ – Sunnni Waqf Board on Ayodhya judgement

When asked about 5-acres of land given to Muslim parties, the RSS chief said that they respect the verdict of the Supreme Court, and we all should end the fights and disputes. When asked whether RSS wants the land to be given to Sunni Waqf Board should be inside Ayodhya or outside, he said that RSS has nothing to say on this. Supreme Court had given the verdict, which will be followed as per laws. We don’t have to give land, the government has to give, they will decide that.

When asked whether RSS will take up the Mathura and Kashi issues after this, Bhagwat said that RSS is not an organisation meant for launching agitations. ‘RSS will only focus on character building from now on and not be involved in any future agitation’, he said.

In a historic judgement, the 5-judge bench of Supreme Court headed by CJI Ranjan Gogoi handed over the entire Ram Janmabhoomi site of 2.77 acres in Ayodhya for construction of the Ram Mandir. At the same time, the court asked the government to provide 5 acres of land at a prominent place in Ayodhya to the Muslim parties represented by the Sunni Waqf Board. The apex court has asked the central government to formulate a scheme for the same within 3 months. The government will have to form a board of trustees for construction of the temple.

Here is what Subramanian Swamy told people who wanted a hospital at Ram Janmabhoomi in 2017

OpIndia Staff
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Here is what Subramanian Swamy told people who wanted a hospital at Ram Janmabhoomi in 2017

The verdict in the Ayodhya case has been declared by the Supreme Court today, on the 9th of November, 2019. The judgment provided for the construction of the Ram Temple at the Ram Janmabhoomi while the Sunni Waqf Board would be provided with an alternate piece of land for the construction of a Mosque.

Read: Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given an alternate site for a mosque

Until now, it has been the stated position of liberals to build a hospital or a school or some other structure of public utility at Ram Janmabhoomi. While their position irked people from both communities, they never wavered from their stance. The most befitting response was given by BJP leader Subramanian Swamy in 2017. He had suggested that a psychiatric treatment facility be constructed at the opposite bank of the sacred Sarayu with a window to see the Temple.


The tweet is going viral again on social media in the aftermath of the verdict. Subramanian Swamy, like all leaders of the BJP, has been a vocal proponent for a Bhavya Ram Mandir at Ayodhya. He is known for his straightforward comments on social media.

Read: Ayodhya verdict: While the nation celebrates, ‘liberals’ become the rudalis at the ‘death of justice’

Earlier, he had suggested that Sitaram Yechury should first change his name ‘Sitaram’ before making malicious comments on the Ramayana.

Ayodhya verdict: While the nation celebrates, ‘liberals’ become the rudalis at the ‘death of justice’

OpIndia Staff
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Ayodhya verdict: While the nation celebrates, ‘liberals’ become the rudalis at the ‘death of justice’

Ram Mandir will be built at Ayodhya. The Supreme Court today in a historic verdict ruled in favour of Ram Lalla and said that the Central Government should build a trust which will then construct the temple at the Ram Janmabhoomi. The Supreme Court also ruled that the Muslim party should be given 5 acre land where a mosque will be built.

While most of the country rejoiced at the verdict, the usual suspects were busy crying themselves hoarse that constructing of Ram temple would be gross injustice.

Delhi University professor and wife of Founding Editor of leftist portal TheWire, Nandini Sundar said that the Supreme Court has ‘rewarded’ the VHP for demolishing the masjid which was built after destroying the ancient Ram temple.


This is technically incorrect because the case did not go in favour of the Hindu parties either as the Supreme Court has directed the Central Government to set up a trust and hand over the site for construction of the temple.


She was really, really upset with the judgement.

Read: Meet Nandini Sundar, the DU professor who is accused of having blood of adivasis on her hand

Apparently, there is no justice because the Supreme Court judgement did not suit their ideology.


Also upset were other TheWire ‘journalists’ who chimed in what the maalkin said.


‘Journalist’ Nikhil Thatte reminded how the locks were opened under the Congress government.


Other ‘journalists’ also thought it is only fair that Congress gets its due credit for the Ram Temple which will soon be constructed.

When will Congress get the credit for the Big Bang?

About time Congress also gets the credit for the Big Bang as well and for creating the universe. Meanwhile, Thatte was still whining.


Rabid Islamists were also unhappy with the judgements who referred to the upcoming Ram temple as ‘symbol of injustice and terrorism’.


Other ‘journalists’ also cast aspersions that Supreme Court takes orders from the RSS.


Of course, had the judgement been the other way round, pretty sure the faith in judiciary would have been ‘restored’.

Meanwhile, Ch Fawad Hussain, Pakistan’s Minister for Science and Technology took this opportune time to describe Pakistan in five words.

The Wire posts irresponsible content on social media on the day of the Ram Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya verdict

OpIndia Staff
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The Wire posts irresponsible content on social media on the day of the Ram Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya verdict

Tempers are running high on the day of the Ayodhya verdict. The verdict has been declared and the Supreme Court has announced that the Muslim community ought to be awarded an alternate piece of land for a mosque of their own while the entirety of Ram Janmabhoomi has been provided for a Temple in Ayodhya.

Security has been beefed up across large parts of the country and politicians have appealed to the citizenry to maintain peace and communal harmony regardless of what the verdict may be. Appeals have also been made to the media to be responsible in their coverage of the events.

Read: Hinduism has no concept of Dhimmis or Jaziya – Arif Mohd Khan dismisses “Hindu Rashtra” fear-mongering by The Wire journalist

While most media portals have been responsible in their coverage, The Wire stands out like a sore thumb. Leading up to the verdict, the far-left propaganda outlet has been posting content that would appear extremely problematic even to the layman. They have been posting images from the day the Babri Masjid was torn down.

Via The Wire Twitter handle

Furthermore, they have also been peddling propaganda regarding by Leftist historians that have been thoroughly rejected by the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court has accepted the ASI report which stated that there was a Hindu structure under the Mosque.

Read: Leftist propaganda portal The Wire says that ‘Jai Shri Ram’ is a slogan of hooliganism

Historian Dr Meenakshi Jain has also documented numerous evidence which conclusively proves that Ayodhya has been a holy site for Hindus since centuries. We have also documented evidence that Ayodhya featured prominently in the plans of the Maratha Empire. Thus, at a time when security has been heightened across the country, it is extremely irresponsible to deny the importance of the sacred site to the Hindu community.

Via The Wire Twitter handle

Apart from these, they have also posted extremely problematic content. Even today, The Wire was busy pursuing a political agenda ahead of the Ram Janmabhoomi verdict. The insinuation of Varadarajan’s article shared by The Wire account appears to be clearly political in nature which could further escalated tensions.

Via The Wire Twitter handle

The Wire has never been known for a responsible journalist. But today, on the day when the historic verdict has been delivered in Ram Janmabhoomi case, they have exceeded expectations. One would have hoped that on a critical day as today, The Wire would have exercised caution and refrained from pursuing a preordained agenda. Unfortunately, that was not to be.

Read: MK Venu calls ‘aggressive’ chants of ‘Jai Shri Ram’ provocative in The Wire, justifies Mamata Banerjee’s reign of violence

In the past, The Wire has used the abrogation of Article 370 to promote discontent between the people of this country by insinuating that Dalits will be next victims of ‘Shah’s lethal strategies’. They have also made a habit of spreading negativity during Hindu festivals while wishing people of other communities how they are supposed to during their festivals.

More than that, an article published in The Wire on 19th January 2018 did lead to violent protests in Assam, bordering Nagaland. Reports had claimed that following the publishing of that article in The Wire, which quoted one Jagdamba Mall, as an RSS veteran, widespread violence broke out.

Ayodhya Verdict: Litigant Iqbal Ansari happy that a verdict has been finally delivered, Sunni Waqf board lawyer Jilani dissatisfied

OpIndia Staff
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Ayodhya Verdict: Litigant Iqbal Ansari happy that a verdict has been finally delivered, Sunni Waqf board lawyer Jilani dissatisfied

In a watershed moment for the Indian political and judicial landscape, the Supreme Court has pronounced a historic judgment in the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute case, handing over the disputed land to the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas, paving the way for the construction of a grand magnificent Ram Temple at the site.

The Apex court also ordered the union government to provide 5 acres of land at an alternate site at a prominent location in Ayodhya to the Sunni Waqf Board to rebuild the Babri Masjid which was demolished in 1992.

Read: Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given alternate site for mosque

The verdict by the Supreme Court in the protracted Ayodhya dispute elicited mixed reactions from the contending parties. While the Hindu parties welcomed the apex court’s decision, the Sunni Waqf Board has stated that they are not happy over the verdict.

The Sunni Waqf Board lawyer Zafaryab Jilani said that his side is not satisfied with the verdict and they will soon decide the future course of action after perusing the whole judgment. He added that the alternate land of 5 acres granted to them has no value for them. Stating that he respects the order, Jilani appealed for calm and peace.


On the other hand, one of the litigants in the Ayodhya dispute case, Iqbal Ansari, said that he is happy that the top court finally delivered a verdict on the centuries-old issue and asserted that he respects the order given by the court.


The SC has delivered a unanimous judgement in the Ram Janmabhoomi case. The top 5 senior judges came to the decision after weighing the arguments presented by all sides for 40 days. CJI Ranjan Gogoi said that the bench is the final arbitrator in the matter and he said that the court is not obligated to give a religious rationale while deciding the case.

The 5-judge bench said that the Central Govt should within 3 months formulate a scheme envisaging setting up of Trust to build the Ram Mandir. Possession of inner and outer courtyards to be handed over to the Trust.

Masjid is a priceless entity, Allah owns it, we can’t accept any land ‘in exchange’ – Sunnni Waqf Board on Ayodhya judgement

OpIndia Staff
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Masjid is a priceless entity, Allah owns it, we can’t accept any land ‘in exchange’ – Sunnni Waqf Board on Ayodhya judgement

The Sunni Waqf Board, which lost the title suit for the Ram Janmabhoomi site in Supreme Court today but was granted an additional plot of land to rebuild the Babri Masjid, has said that the judgement is unjust for the Muslim parties. In a press conference held after the verdict was announced, they said that they are dissatisfied with some findings of the judgement. The land has been given to the other party, so we can’t term it as justice, although they respect the verdict.

Babri Masjid Action Committee member and Sunni Waqf Board’s lawyer Zafarayab Jilani said that they will study the judgement and consult with senior lawyers to decide whether to file a review petition against the apex court verdict. He said that the court held that the suit number 3 (filed by Waqf board) is valid, but still gave the land to the other party, which is not satisfactory.

Read: Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given alternate site for mosque

When asked about the alternate site given for Muslims, Jilani said that Muslims can’t accept land in exchange of mosque, as the mosque is owned by Allah. He said that the Masjid is priceless and it can’t be shifted, adding that the 5-acre land has no value for Muslims. Jilani said that the Working Committee of AIMPLB will decide whether to accept the 5-acre land or not.

Jilani also appealed everyone to maintain calm and respect the verdict, he said that there should not be any protest or demonstration against the court verdict.

In a historic judgement, the 5-judge bench of Supreme Court headed by CJI Ranjan Gogoi handed over the entire disputed land of 2.77 acres in Ayodhya for construction of the Ram Mandir. At the same time, the court asked the government to provide 5 acres of land at a prominent place in Ayodhya to the Muslim parties represented by the Sunni Waqf Board. The apex court has asked the central government to formulate a scheme for the same within 3 months. The government will have to form a board of trustees for construction of the temple.

Know what is Article 142 of constitution, which Muslim personal law board thinks has been ‘wrongly’ used by SC

OpIndia Staff
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Know what is Article 142 of constitution, which Muslim personal law board thinks has been ‘wrongly’ used by SC

The All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) has decried the Supreme Court verdict in the Ram Janmabhoomi, Ayodhya case giving the entire 67 acres in favour of Hindus. AIMPLB said that they think that Article 142 of the Indian Constitution has been wrongly used by the Supreme Court in this judgement.

Here is what Article 142 of the Constitution says

Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and unless as to discovery, etc ( 1 ) The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, and any decree so passed or orders so made shall be enforceable throughout the territory of India in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, in such manner as the President may by order prescribe

(2) Subject to the provisions of any law made in this behalf by Parliament, the Supreme Court shall, as respects the whole of the territory of India, have all and every power to make any order for the purpose of securing the attendance of any person, the discovery or production of any documents, or the investigation or punishment of any contempt of itself. 

It is this section that the AIMPLB thinks has been misused by the Supreme Court in their Ram Janmabhoomi verdict.

What was the judgement of the Supreme Court in Ram Janmabhoomi case

In a historic judgement ending a dispute spanning centuries, the Supreme Court of India handed over the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri masjid land to the Hindu parties, making way for Hindu devotees to have a grand Ram Mandir at the birthplace of Lord Ram. The Apex court also ordered the union government to provide 5 acres of land at an alternate site at a prominent location in Ayodhya to the Sunni Waqf Board to rebuild the Babri Masjid which was demolished in 1992.

Read: Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given an alternate site for the mosque

SC has delivered a unanimous judgement in the Ram Janmabhoomi case. The top 5 senior judges came to the decision after weighing the arguments presented by all sides for 40 days. CJI Ranjan Gogoi said that the bench is the final arbitrator in the matter and he said that the court is not obligated to give a religious rationale while deciding the case.

The 5-judge bench said that the Central Govt should within 3 months formulate a scheme envisaging setting up of Trust to build the Ram Mandir. Possession of inner and outer courtyards to be handed over to the Trust.

Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given alternate site for mosque

OpIndia Staff
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Supreme Court hands over Ram Janmabhoomi site to Hindus to build Ram Mandir, Sunni Waqf Board to be given alternate site for mosque

In a historic judgement ending a dispute spanning centuries, the Supreme Court of India handed over the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri masjid land to the Hindu parties, making way for Hindu devotees to have a grand Ram Mandir at the birthplace of Lord Ram. The Apex court also ordered the union government to provide 5 acres of land at an alternate site at a prominent location in Ayodhya to the Sunni Waqf Board to rebuild the Babri Masjid which was demolished in 1992.

The 5-judge bench of the supreme court delivered a unanimous judgement in the Ram Janmabhoomi case. The top 5 senior judges came to the decision after weighing the arguments presented by all sides for 40 days. CJI Ranjan Gogoi said that the bench is the final arbitrator in the matter and he said that the court is not obligated to give a religious rationale while deciding the case.

The 5-judge bench said that the Central Govt should within 3 months formulate a scheme envisaging setting up of Trust to built the Ram Mandir. Possession of inner and outer courtyards to be handed over to the Trust.

Delivering the much-anticipated verdict, CJI Ranjan Gogoi said that this court must accept faith and belief of worshippers. CJI Ranjan Gogoi started the pronouncement by saying that this Court set up under Constitutional scheme should defer from interfering with faith and belief of worshippers and that secularism basic feature of the Constitution.

The Supreme Court dismissed Suit 3 filed by Nirmohi Akhara. CJI said that this suit is governed by Article 120 of Limitation Act and is barred by limitation, Supreme Court. SC said that the Nirmohi Akhada has not been able to prove that they had Shabait rights and that the ASI data cannot be disproved. 

Further, the Supreme Court said that Ram Janma Bhoomi not a juristic person but Ram Lalla Varjaman is (which is the deity itself). 

The Supreme Court said that there is adequate material in ASI report to conclude the following – Babri Masjid not constructed on vacant land. There was a structure underlying the disputed structure. The underlying structure was not an Islamic structure, Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court said that ASI refrained from recording a finding on whether the mosque was built after demolishing a Hindu temple, Finding of title cannot be based only on Expert report of ASI, Supreme Court. Title to the land should be decided based on settled legal principles,

Talking about faith, the SC said that people from both faiths, Hindus and Muslims offered prayers at the site. Further, SC said the cross-examination of the witnesses has not led the court to believe that the faith of Hindus is not justified. On whether a belief is justified is beyond judicial inquiry, SC said once faith is established, courts should defer to it. Also, the accounts of the travellers must be read with introspection. The court must be circumspect in making conclusions from what a traveller may have seen and observed.

Sunni Waqf Board has the locus to initiate legal proceedings. Sunni Waqf Board’s suit is maintainable. But Muslims can’t assert the right of adverse possession. Possession, as asserted by Muslims cannot meet the threshold of adverse possession, the SC observed.

The Supreme Court held that the Muslims have not brought evidence to show possessory title, there is no evidence to show the offer of Namaz by Muslims to the exclusion of Hindus. Hindus have been able to establish unimpeded possession of outer courtyard, Supreme Court.

The disputed site is one composite land parcel. Sunni Wakf Board has not established its case of adverse possession. Hindus have had exclusive control of the outer courtyard. Access and possession of the inner courtyard is disputed

The Supreme Court has held the Allahabad High Court was incorrect in dividing the land into three. The Supreme Court held that the Muslims would get a separate land to build a Mosque and the Central government would form a trust to build a temple.

It may be noted that while the Ram Mandir will be built by a trust constituted by the central government, the Sunni Waqf Board will built the mosque on the plot given to them by the government.

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