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Uttar Pradesh: Three-year-old kid addicted to ‘Motu Patlu’ and ‘Doraemon’ on phone, to get counselling for mobile addiction

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Uttar Pradesh: Three-year-old kid addicted to ‘Motu Patlu’ and ‘Doraemon’ on phone, to get counselling for mobile addiction

In a strange incident, a three-year-old kid has been taken to a counselling centre in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh by his mother as the kid was addicted to the mobile phone, reports Times of India.

Reportedly, the mother of the kid brought her three-year-old son to Mann Kaksh,  a counselling centre at Bareilly district hospital and complained that her child was suffering from bed-wetting (enuresis) and needed help.

However, it turned out that he was not going to the toilet because he did not want to leave the phone even for even a few minutes. The three-year-old toddler spent around eight hours daily watching animation shows  ‘Doraemon’ and ‘Motu Patlu’.

In last two months alone, Mann Kaksh has received 39 cases of children addicted to mobile phones, most of them belonging to the age group of 10 to 18 years, growing up in a virtual world of social media and video games.

Speaking to Times of India, Dr Ashish Kumar, a psychiatrist at the district hospital said that in the majority of the cases, it came to light that parents provide mobile to their children at an early age to keep the kids busy so that their own work is not affected. This later becomes a cause of addiction and bad behaviour among children.

Ashish Kumar also added that mobile addiction leads to other diseases among youngsters, too. “Many young people end up spending long hours on phones to cope up with anxiety and depression. A few of them become more frustrated as they start comparing their lives with others on social media. The long hours on mobile disturb their sleep. They all are inter-connected,” said Kumar.

On the three-year-old boy’s counselling, Khush Ada, a clinical psychologist at Mann Kaksh, said, “In the case of three-year-old addicted to phone, his mother would handover mobile to her child while performing household chores. Even when he came for a therapy session, he didn’t let his parents talk to us till he got the phone.”

Reportedly, most parents who visit the counselling centre complain of study-related problems and headache among children. However, after going through case history, they learn that the root cause is mobile addiction.

According to Khush Ada, children spend hours on their phones browsing social media sites and playing games and they start living in a virtual world and ignoring studies and sleep. “If a phone is taken away from them, they become agitated. We conduct counselling of both parents and the child for a digital detox,” added Ada.

Chief medical officer Dr Vineet Shukla added that parents should restrict the use of phones among children. To keep children engaged, parents should make them play with blocks or in the open, said Shukla.

For deaddiction, a counsellor suggested that young people should uninstall apps or games on which they spend maximum time or change the colour code of phone as black and white so that they “stop enjoying games”. Young people can also keep their phones far away from their beds before going to sleep so that they don’t touch it if they wake up in the middle of the night, the counsellor added.

Journalist tweets ‘Shooter Dadi’ Chandro Tomar has passed away; ‘you’re in a hurry,’ she quips

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Journalist tweets ‘Shooter Dadi’ Chandro Tomar has passed away; ‘you’re in a hurry,’ she quips

Dadi Chandro Tomar, 88 year old pistol shooter, whose biopic ‘Saand Ki Aankh’ is scheduled to be released on 25th October, has taken Twitter by storm. A Lucknow-based journalist Rohit Singh today tweeted that she has passed away. However, ‘Shooter Dadi’, with her raw humour quipped, ‘Bahut jaldi mein hai yo chhora (you are in a lot of hurry)’.

Tweet by ‘Shooter Dadi’ Chandro Tomar

Rohit Singh has now deleted his tweet.

Dadi Chandro Tomar, with her inimitable wit and humour has developed a strong fan following on Twitter. Recently, she was admitted to hospital after a group of monkeys attacked her and she hurt herself trying to escape them. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister announced that her medical expenses will be borne by the state government.

Chandro Tomar, nicknamed ‘Shooter Dadi’ is a sharpshooter from Johri village in Bagpat, Uttar Pradesh. She learnt shooting in 1999 when she was in her 60s and has won over 30 national championships.

Her biopic, ‘Saand Ki Aankh’ (literal meaning bulls eye) is slated to be released on 25th October, 2019. Produced by Anurag Kashyap, the film stars Taapsee Pannu and Bhumi Pednekar.

ISIS uses cows strapped with bombs to attack security forces in Iraq, bid foiled

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ISIS uses cows strapped with bombs to attack security forces in Iraq, bid foiled

The Islamic State (ISIS) has started using cows as booby traps laden with explosives as weapons of war, according to reports. Two cows were strapped with explosives and were headed towards a military checkpoint in Diyala, a province in Iraq, when Iraqi soldiers opened fire and “blew them up”. The incident occurred on the first day of this month.

One civilian was injured in the failed terror attack, Kurdish website Rudaw reported. This is the first time the terrorist group is using cattle as weapons in their war. However, there have been previous occasions when they have used other animals in terror attacks. Fourteen people have been killed in six incidents of “donkey-borne IEDs” since 2010.

They had also used dogs strapped with bombs to attack security forces.

Local official Saqid Husseini said that ISIS “has lost the ability to recruit young people and would-be suicide bombers, instead they are using cattle.” The Diyala Province is home to Kurds, Sunnis and Shias and is intrinsic to the dispute between the Kurdish regional government and Iraq, with both claiming ownership.

ISIS has re-established its presence in the area amidst the dispute. According to a report by the Institute for the Study of War earlier this year, Isis holds a “durable support zone” in the south of the province, and has “increased its attack tempo against security forces, local tribal figures, and commercial sites.”

While India is orbiting around the moon, Pakistan is orbiting around terrorists: An open letter to Pakistan minister for science, Ch Fawad Hussain

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While India is orbiting around the moon, Pakistan is orbiting around terrorists: An open letter to Pakistan minister for science, Ch Fawad Hussain

On the wee hours of Saturday, 7th September, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) lost touch with Vikram Lander, when it was only 2.1 kms away from the lunar surface. While rest of the country stayed awake witnessing history being created, Pakistan’s Federal Minister of Science & Technology Chaudhry Fawad Hussain was also up to give company to us. As Indians along with the people from science and technology community across the world hailed ISRO for the remarkable feat, Fawad Hussain decided to mock India and ISRO for even attempting it. A bit rich coming from a country which specialises in sending terrorists to the neighbouring country on which it has to depend even for medicines. 

Former Goa Congress leader and editor-in-chief of Goa Chronicle and Indian Expose, Savio Rodrigues wrote an open letter to Chaudhry Fawad Hussain on how while India is orbiting around the moon, Pakistan is orbiting around terrorists.

His open letter which was first published on Indian Expose has been republished here verbatim with his permission. 

It is with great amusement I read your tweets on India’s unmanned effort to the moon.

I hope you are aware that the Chandrayaan 2 is currently orbiting around the moon and will continue to do so.

The unexpected outcome of Vikram Lander not going as per the plan of ISRO and the loss of communication is mere technical uncertainty. This uncertainty will be cleared post the analysis of data over the next couple of weeks.

The biggest learning, history of science has taught us, is that there is no concept of failure only learnings. It is through learning that science has advanced phenomenally and aggressively over the years.

You revelled on social media – Twitter to be precise – over the #IndiaFailed hashtag. I as common Indian citizen has not seen it as a failure. We may have not got the desired result but once our scientist analysis our data we would learn what we need to do better and what we have done right.

You are the Minister of Science and Technology for your country. It is a country I don’t look upto to fondly due to our estranged relationship as nations.

Having said that and keeping as nations, our politics aside, science and the technological advancement in the frontiers of space science is not a proprietary to a nation but a learning for all nations.

It is disappointing that as a Minister of Science and Technology you do not possess the scientific temperament to understand and comprehend that science is for the benefit of every human.

The success of the planned outcome of Vikram Lander touching the surface of the moon would have help not only India but through India the entire world; to understand new dimensions of space explorations and would even give us learnings to that could be adopted in science applicable for our own planet’s benefit.

As an Indian and as a human, I possess an appreciation for science and it’s advancements. Space exploration is not a science that will bear immediate fruits but will set stepping stones for future generations globally. It will open doors to go where no man or woman has ever ventured into in outer space.

Most individuals living on this planet have an in-built scientific temperament and when one develops a scientific temper then it appreciates any nation, even an enemy nation if they have done something progressive in the field of science.

Unfortunately your juvenile, hate-filled and condescending tweets does not reflect on the prowess of India’s space mission but a lack of character, statesmanship and scientific temper in you as a representative of a nation.

Let me take you through the lack of progress of Pakistan as a nation experimenting the field of space exploration.

The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) which was set-up in 1961, took a shocking 50 years to launch its first communication satellite into the Orbit. In this effort too, you took assistance of China and used Chinese-made launch vehicle with aid from a subsidiary of the China Aerospace and Technology Corporation.

The Chandrayaan 2 Mission was a success in many ways but one of its most important moot points of its success was that the ISRO scientists built the space ship and the Vikram Lander indigenously and did not rely on assistance of another nation or aid from another nation. We did seek but it did not come at the time we wanted it and our scientists decided to build on its own.

The problem with SUPARCO has and will always be funding which has been denied on numerous occasions by your own country and other countries. The reason has been the fact that there has been very little progress or advancements in space exploration related sciences. In this vicious circle of lack of funding and lack of advancement in science your country has failed to ensure a sustained growth rate of scientific advancement and innovation.

Funnily SUPARCO started 8-years before ISRO started and look at the leaps that our scientists have taken in the field of space explorations. Your nation’s performance sadly looks pale in front of what my scientists have achieved. Developed countries have applauded India’s scientific advancements and even our performance with Chandrayaan 2 and Vikram Lander has been appreciated and encouraged by many nations.

You can make tall claims that SUPARCO sent the Hubble Telescope into space, but the world knows the truth. You got trolled on Twitter for this ill-informed statement. Your own people mocked your intelligence and might I add, glaring stupidity.

Let me be brutal. If you are going to make an army general instead of a scientist to head your space research program, you have not understood the nature of science or the importance of a scientist in a leadership role. It is like asking a dentist to do an eye cataract surgery.

Of course the reasons to the discussions taken by your government is no concern of mine, but to me it defies logic and borders on irrationality.

You boldly stated not too long ago that Pakistan would launch its first manned mission into space in 2022. I seriously doubt that Pakistan would even come close to achieving such a phenomenal feet in the field of space exploration. My estimate is that it would take at least 15-years or more years to achieve such a manned space mission.

It is good that in March 2019, SUPARCO took part in the Global Space Congress for the first time held at Abu Dhabi. Those are good and positive steps.

The little yet commendable feats you have achieved as a nation in the field of space sciences has never been indigenous, it has always been through partnership with China, Russia or UK. That’s because you don’t foster a positive scientific temperament in your nation. This was clearly visible in your series of tweets over India’s Chandrayaan’s 2 Moon Mission. You are not a man of science and you do not know to appreciate science.

When a nation has a Minister of Science and Technology like you, who acts as a juvenile and completely lacks the scientific aptitude to understand science and space exploration, it is going to be lagging behind.

Write it down somewhere. Post the Chandrayaan 2 Mission, India will make gigantic leaps in our Space Mission initiatives. It will be a formidable power in space explorations it will do it indigenously and with strategic partnerships with other nations.

The only temperament your nation possess is a temperament to breed terrorists. So do not worry about India’s space mission. While Chandrayaan 2 is orbiting around the moon and will do so for the next whole year, Pakistan as a nation is orbiting around terrorists.

I hope you take my open letter in the spirit that we as the world need to grow and advance in science in all spheres, so instead mocking or belittling, be matured and stop making a fool of your position and your nationality, you are after all a minister of a country.

Jai Hind!

“Liberals” rush to spread new lies about Modi’s hug to ISRO chairman after entire India praises PM for his gesture

OpIndia Staff
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“Liberals” rush to spread new lies about Modi’s hug to ISRO chairman after entire India praises PM for his gesture

When the entire country was glued to the TV sets on the late night of September 6, not to watch a cricket match, but to watch the landing of Vikram lander on the south pole of moon, some bizarre reactions were seen from a certain section of people.

On that night, just 2 km short of lunar surface, the graphic showing the descent of the vehicle had stopped, and it took several minutes for ISRO scientists to analyse the situation and announce that it has lost contact with the lander.PM Modi was there at the ISRO command centre to watch the historic event, and during the tense moments when experts were trying to find out what had happened, he went off camera for few minutes.

This was enough for liebrals to claim that he has escaped when the mission has ‘failed’. Some even demanded that he should declare that mission has ‘failed’, even before ISRO released any statement. All those criticisms were proved false when the PM reappeared few minutes later, and talked to the scientists saying that the country is proud of them.

But the critics don’t stop trying, as now they have come out with another allegation. A video is being circulated on social media by some people, claiming that while PM Modi hugged and consoled the ISRO chairman in front of camera after the contact with lander was lost, he was emotionless and cold ‘off-camera’. The ‘off-camera’ visuals, which were beamed live on Doordarshan and relayed by all news channels, are from the night, while the ‘on-camera’ visuals are from the next morning, when the PM met the ISRO scientists before leaving Bengaluru.


The allegation that PM Modi didn’t show any emotion after knowing the lander has crashed is entirely wrong, as the visuals are from the moment when the data has stopped coming, and ISRO had not announced anything. It was telecast live, where it was seen that chairman K Sivan had approached the PM and informed him about the current situation, moments after the visual showing the progress of the space vehicle had stopped moving. By that time nothing was confirmed, and scientists were looking at the data to determine what had happened. ISRO had informed that they were trying to re-establish contact with Vikram. It was not confirmed yet that the lander has been lost, and there was nothing to do apart from waiting for further information by ISRO.


Although most probable reason was that the lander has crashed, the PM could not have assumed it and start consoling scientists before anything had been confirmed by the scientists themselves. He can express any reaction after it has been confirmed that the lander has failed. Therefore, to claim that the PM was cold towards the news is completely wrong, as the news was not confirmed at that time.

The following tweet gives a good example of the situation, when you can express concern but can’t start consoling before any bad news has been confirmed.


Misleading video is not the only thing floating around to attack Modi on the Chandrayaan 2 mission. Some people also tweeted that Modi changed clothes when he was at the ISRO centre. Two photographs showing Modi in different clothes was used to make this claim.

But facts were ignored while making this claim, as both the images are from two different times, just like the video above. One photo is from the night, while the second photo where he is seen hugging ISRO chairman is from the next morning. After Modi talked to scientists after it was confirmed that contact with Vikram lander has been lost, Modi went to the hotel, and came back in the morning the next day. It is natural for normal people to wear different clothes on the next day, as the previous day’s clothes will get dirty. It is basic hygiene practice, but for liberals, that becomes a tool to attack Modi.

ISRO locates Vikram Lander on lunar surface, trying to establish contact

OpIndia Staff
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ISRO locates Vikram Lander on lunar surface, trying to establish contact

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has located Vikram Lander on the lunar surface after it lost contact during the landing on South Pole on the wee hours of Saturday morning.


There is no communication yet with the Vikram Lander and ISRO is trying to establish contact with it.

In the wee hours on Saturday, the nation sat glued to their television sets in anticipation. Chandrayaan-2’s landing module had gone silent after Vikram the lander, went silent when it was merely 2 KMs from the landing surface of the moon. At 2:40 AM, ISRO chief K Sivan announced “Vikram lander descent was as planned and normal performance was observed upto an altitude of 2.1 km. Subsequently, the communications from the lander to the ground station was lost. The data is being analyzed”.

Unfortunately, as the entire nation stood with ISRO to experience a spectacular journey of India’s first attempt to land at the lunar south pole, some petty individuals displayed their sheer negativity and arrogance over social media.

The long night and the next morning also showed that some individuals exist only to mock and pull others down at the very first opportunity. In fact, NDTV journalist Pallava Bagla heckled an anxious senior scientist at ISRO who had come out to address the media to explain about the failure in communication of the Vikram Lander.

British Indians clean up the trash left by Pakistani goons outside Indian High Commission, send symbolic invoice to Mayor Sadiq Khan

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British Indians clean up the trash left by Pakistani goons outside Indian High Commission, send symbolic invoice to Mayor Sadiq Khan

In a display of solidarity, hundreds of members of the Indian diaspora in the United Kingdom turned up on Saturday to clean up the filthy trash left by the Pakistani goons outside the Indian High Commission in London.

According to the reports, the cleanliness drive was led by Ruchi Ghanashyam, the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. The filthy mess outside the Indian house was created by the violent British-Pakistani goons on September 3.

In a symbolic move, the British Indians’ community sent the Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London, a cleaning invoice after volunteering and cleaning the area.

The Indian High Commission meanwhile has expressed its gratitude to the Indian Community for coming forward to help purge the India House of the mess made by the violent protest of 3 September.


In their failed bid to internationalise the Kashmir issue, Pakistanis are travelling around the globe, soliciting support to corner India on the issue of abrogation of Article 370. However, to their chagrin, Pakistanis are only receiving eggs and rejections on every forum. Recently, some of their own stooges have resorted to attacking them too.

Reportedly, four Pakistani leaders had flown to London to fuel the anti-India campaign termed as ‘Kashmir Freedom March’, but they were welcomed with eggs and shoes thrown at them by the protestors who were unwilling to allow them to hijack their protest.

The Indian High Commission in London suffered another attack on September 3 after protests over the abrogation of Article 370. A 10,000 strong mob of British Pakistanis, Pakistan-sponsored Khalistanis and some hired goons marched in London in the so-called ‘Kashmir Freedom March’. The building suffered damages as several windows and window panes have been smashed by the violent attackers pretending to be worried about Kashmir.

This is the second attack by Pakistan goons in a span of a single month. The first incident had happened on August 15 on the occasion of India’s Independence Day. They were protesting the Indian government’s decision to remove the separate status for the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Meanwhile, London Mayor Sadiq Khan and London administration have been severely criticised for not cleaning the mess. On Thursday, British columnist Katie Hopkins slammed London Mayor Sadiq Khan and London administration for not cleaning the mess left behind by Pakistanis.

“The Embassy in London – one of our greatest allies – is a filthy mess of eggs and vandalised windows at the hands of Pakistani protesters in the UK. Is the Muslim Mayor of London enabling this behaviour? Why has this not been cleaned up? Deeply shaming for Britain,” she tweeted.

Following the violent protest incited by Pakistani goons, India had strongly raised the matter, both in New Delhi and London. India had summoned British Deputy High Commissioner Jan Thompson in New Delhi on Wednesday, a day after the protest took place.

Indian High Commissioner Ruchi Ghanashyam had also met DG (Political) Foreign office and raised the issue. Two people were arrested after the protest by the Metropolitan Police.

Uttar Pradesh: Journalists made Dalits write ‘house for sale’ in Bijnor, claims police; books two for ‘manipulation of news’

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Uttar Pradesh: Journalists made Dalits write ‘house for sale’ in Bijnor, claims police; books two for ‘manipulation of news’

Uttar Pradesh Police in Bijnor has booked two journalists over alleged fake news claiming that a Dalit families in Titarwala Basi village were threatening to leave. As per reports, the journalist working with a local daily and another working with local electronic media outlet have been booked for ‘fake news’ which claimed that a Dalit family was planning to leave the village after they were not allowed to collect water from village hand pump by influential family of their community in the same village.

A journalist Vishal and another Rashid were booked by Bijnor Police. According to SP (city) Lakshmi Nivas Mishra, on investigating the news published by the media outlet, police found that none of the Dalit families were planning to leave the village. The police claimed that the reporters had ‘manipulated’ the report. As per police, the Dalits wrote ‘house for sale’ on suggestion of the journalists. A case has been registered against the journalists.

In an unrelated news, another journalist in Azamgarh was also booked over allegations of blackmailing primary school teacher. As per reports, one journalist Santosh Kumar Jaiswal, who worked as a stringer for Jansand Times used to threaten school authorities.

According to Phulpur Circle Officer Ravi Shankar, school principal Radheshyam Yadav has alleged that Jaiswal would visit school and misbehave with teachers and students. He alleged that Jaiswal had misused images of school teachers and students. School principal has alleged that Jaiswal made the students hold a broom and clicked the images. When school authorities objected, he reportedly started arguing with them. Jaiswal was produced in court and taken in judicial custody.

Zomato to lay off 541 more employees, a total of 600 people fired since August

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Zomato to lay off 541 more employees, a total of 600 people fired since August

The food aggregator company- Zomato which had raked up a storm after delivering ‘moral science’ lectures to social media users instead of food, seems to be in the middle of another crisis as it has now laid off 541 people, 10 per cent of the company’s strength across customer, merchant, and delivery partner support teams, as per reports. This is the second round of layoffs in a month after the company let go of 60 people in August this year.

The decision to lay off comes as the food aggregator has claimed to be moving on to an improved Zomato platform with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven bots and automation in resolving customer queries that have led to an overall reduction in direct order-related support queries, the company said in a statement.

“While this has been a painful decision, to make the transition smoother, we have extended between two-months severance pay (based on tenure), family health insurance cover (till the end of January 2020) and career fair opportunities with companies,” said Zomato.

Zomato, which seems to be fighting a losing battle against its customers and partners, has also been at the loggerheads with the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) over deep discounts in its fine-dining Gold programme. It claimed it has improved the speed of service resolution and now only 7.5 per cent of its orders need support from down from 15 per cent in March.

“Over the last few months, we have seen our technology products and platforms evolve and improve significantly. This has led to an overall reduction in direct order-related support queries,” said the company.

Zomato said it hired over 1,200 people across functions excluding its last-mile delivery fleet and another over 400 off-rolls positions and is currently hiring in technology, product and data sciences teams.

The company is planning to introduce its Gold programme across multiple cities on its delivery platform.

The NRAI said on August 30 that there is an in-principle agreement between the association and the two major online delivery platforms, Zomato and Swiggy, to resolve the issues of the industry including deep discounts. However, Zomato is hellbent on carrying on with its plans to make it’s Gold programme now available for delivery.

As their woes continue, a restaurateur and Indian School of Business alumnus, Raghunandan S Prasad had written a stinging open letter to the Zomato founder and CEO Deepinder Goyal, terming him as a “glorified broker” and accused him of taking credit for their product.

Zomato founder and CEO Deepinder Goyal, who is now the newfound hero of Indian liberal-secular mafia, had invited the anger of restaurant owners after he had called them a ‘bargain hunters’ while threatening them of consequences if they did not withdraw from a ‘movement’ of logging out from Zomato’s services.

After a moment of despondency, it is back to work: Principal Scientific Adviser VijayRaghavan hails ISRO’s efforts on Chandrayaan2

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After a moment of despondency, it is back to work: Principal Scientific Adviser VijayRaghavan hails ISRO’s efforts on Chandrayaan2

The bold effort by Indian scientists to soft-land on moon suffered a glitch on early hours of Saturday after Chandrayaan-2’s Vikram module lost the communication with ground stations, just 2.1 km from the lunar surface during its final descent.

However, the ambitious Chandrayaan 2, ISRO’s most challenging space mission till date, has already made India and its citizens proud. As a collective mission, Chandrayaan 2 has achieved 95 per cent of its objective.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Saturday said that 90 to 95 per cent of the Chandrayaan-2 mission objectives have been accomplished. The space agency has confirmed that it would continue contributing to Lunar science despite the loss of communication with the Lander.

Professor K VijayRaghavan, the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, took to Twitter to highlight this aspect. In a series of tweet, he revealed how the Chandrayaan-2 mission will sending vital data and information to help the scientific community and future missions.

He shared the unique Chandrayaan-2 mission is aimed at studying not just one area of the Moon but also its exosphere, the surface and sub-surface in a single mission.


“Since the launch of Chandrayaan-2 on July 22, 2019, India and the world watched its progress from one phase to the next with great expectation and excitement. The Chandrayaan-2 mission is very complex, and a significant technological leap from previous missions of ISRO. This brought together an Orbiter, Lander and Rover to explore the unexplored south polar region of the Moon,” he tweeted.

He added that the Orbiter, which has already been placed in its intended orbit around the Moon, will enrich the understanding of the moon’s evolution, map minerals, water molecules in the polar regions, using its eight state-of-the-art scientific instruments.

“The precise launch and mission management has ensured a long life of almost 7 years instead of the planned one year,” he said.

“The Orbiter camera is the highest resolution camera (0.3m) in any lunar mission so far and has already started providing high-resolution images which will be immensely useful to the global scientific community,” he VijayRaghavan.

“Orbiter camera: The pictures I saw this morning were truly extraordinary. TMC 2 is a miniature version of the Terrain Mapping Camera used onboard the Chandrayaan 1 mission,” he added.

Here’s a list of ‘cutting-edge’ technology that the Orbiter carries, which provides vital information of Moon’s exosphere:

1. TMcv2’s primary objective is mapping the lunar surface in the panchromatic spectral band (0.5-0.8 microns), high spatial resolution(5m), swathe(20 km from 100 km lunar polar orbit). Data will give clues about the Moon’s evolution, prepare 3D maps of the lunar surface.

2. CLASS measures X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectra to detect elements such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and Sodium. The XRF technique will detect these elements by measuring the characteristic X-rays they emit when excited by the Sun’s rays.

3. XSM observes the X-rays emitted by the Sun and its corona, measures the intensity of solar radiation in these rays, and supports CLASS. Provides solar X-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1-15 keV

4. XSM will provide high-energy resolution and high-cadence measurements (full spectrum every second) of solar X-ray spectra as input for analysis of data from CLASS.

5. Imaging Infra-red spectrometer (IIRS) has two primary objectives: i. global mineralogical and volatile mapping of the Moon in the spectral range of ~0.8-5.0 µm for the first time, at the high resolution of ~20 nm.

6. IIRS second objective: Complete characterization of water/hydroxyl feature near 3.0 µm for the first time at high spatial (~80 m) and spectral (~20 nm) resolutions.

7. One more from IIRS: will also measure solar radiation reflected off the Moon’s surface in 256 contiguous spectral bands from 100 km lunar orbit.

8. Dual-frequency (L and S) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) will provide enhanced capabilities compared to Chandrayaan 1’s S-band miniSAR in areas such as L-band for greater depth of penetration (About 5m — twice that of S-band).

10. SAR: Circular and full polarimetry — with a range of resolution options (2-75 m) and incident angles (9°-35°) — for understanding scattering properties of permanently shadowed regions.

11. SAR: The main scientific objectives of this payload are: High-resolution lunar mapping in the polar regions. Quantitative estimation of water-ice in the polar regions. Estimation of regolith thickness and its distribution.

12. Chandrayyan Atmospheric compositional explorer 2 (CHACE 2) will continue the CHACE experiment carried out by Chandrayaan 1.

13. CHACE 2 is a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMA) capable of scanning the lunar neutral exosphere in the mass range of 1 to 300 amu with the mass resolution of ~0.5 amu.

14. CHACE 2’s primary objective is to carry out an in-situ study of the composition and distribution of the lunar neutral exosphere and its variability.

15. Dual Frequency Radio Science Experiment (DFRS) To study the temporal evolution of electron density in the Lunar ionosphere.

16. DFRS: Two coherent signals at X (8496 MHz), and S (2240 MHz) band are transmitted simultaneously from satellite, and received at ground-based deep station network receivers.

17. The Vikram Lander followed the planned descent trajectory from its orbit of 35 km to just below 2 km above the surface.

VijayRaghavan also stated that all systems and sensors of the Lander functioned excellently until this point. “Tested and proved many new technologies such as the variable thrust propulsion technology used in the Lander,” said VijayRaghavan.

“Success criteria were defined for each and every phase of the mission and so far 90 to 95% of the mission objectives have been accomplished and will continue to contribute to Lunar science. notwithstanding the loss of communication with the Lander,” he concluded.

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