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India’s poorest households are consuming gutkha, other tobacco products at an alarming rate, spending more and more on it: Study reveals

The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducted a survey on Household Consumption Expenditure from August 2023 to July 2024. A striking aspect of the study was the surge in gutkha consumption within the country, a point also emphasised by Shamika Ravi, a member of the EAC-PM (Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister) and her colleague Partha Protim Barman in a recent article in the Indian Express.

Notably, NSO is a part of the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI). It regularly undertakes research on household consumption expenditure to gather data on both food and non-food products. The recent analysis that was published in January underscored how the usage of Gutkha has turned into a norm across all demographics, particularly in the northern states of the country, though southern states too are showing a concerning surge in usage.

Ravi and Barman outlined that the use of tobacco is growing swiftly, becoming more prevalent and deeply ingrained in the lives of lower-class households, in the article in The Indian Express. This is occurring simultaneously with the state’s expansion of subsidised healthcare leading to a glaring contrast which has significant ramifications for social policies, health results and financial sustainability.

The per capita expenditure on tobacco rose dramatically between 2011-12 and 2023-2024, climbing by 58% in rural India and 77% in urban regions after accounting for inflation, the article states. Nearly 1.5% of the monthly per-capita consumer expenditure (MPCE) in rural areas and 1% in urban areas are currently attributed to tobacco. These shares might seem modest but it is concerning that the number of households using tobacco has skyrocketed.

Disturbing figures from rural and urban regions

Tobacco-using households in rural India surged from 9.9 crore (59.3% of all households) to 13.3 crore (68.6%). It is a remarkable 33% hike in less than a decade.

Ravi and Barman noted that the figure obtained from the increase in urban India is much more astounding. The number of households utilising tobacco jumped from 2.8 crore (34.9%) to 4.7 crore (45.6%). The troubling fact is that tobacco consumption is progressively getting mainstreamed in both urban and rural regions. It is no longer limited to specific groups or populations.

Leaf tobacco and gutkha is behind the spike in rural parts. The percentage of rural households that consume gutkha went up from 5.3% to 30.4%, a roughly sixfold leap conveying the survey’s most startling finding. Gutkha is presently the most valuable tobacco product accounting for 41% of all tobacco spending in these locations.

On the other hand, gutkha followed the sudden rise in cigarette consumption in urban areas which are considered to be more health-conscious. 18.1% of urban households smoke cigarettes making them the most popular tobacco product there while gutkha consumption stood at 16.8% which demonstrated how far it has crept into city markets.

Gutkha consumption rampant in the central belt

Ravi and Barman stated that Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan contribute significantly higher to gutkha consumption than the country’s rural average of approximately 30%. Over 6 in 10 of households (60%) in the rural territories of Madhya Pradesh consume gutkha and Uttar Pradesh already surpassed 50% mark. Problematically, urban trends have begun to resemble rural ones.

Gutkha is consumed by around half of Madhya Pradesh’s urban households as the figures recorded in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan are even higher than one-third. Gutkha consumption in both rural and urban regions has been shown to be greater than the national average in several Northeastern states as well, as per the article. The usage is generally lower in Southern India but the results are disturbing. The consumption of gutkha by one in four rural households in Karnataka serves as an example.

The class divide

Tobacco use happens to be more common in lower-class homes. More than 70% of rural households in the lowest 40% of the income distribution utilise tobacco. This percentage is higher than 85% in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Compared to the top 20% (1.2%), poorer rural households devote a higher percentage of their MPCE (1.7%) on tobacco.

According to Ravi and Barman, the class disparity in urban India is considerably more pronounced. While less than 37% of households in the top 20% use tobacco, more than half of those in the bottom 40% consume it. The poor spend almost twice as much of their MPCE as the wealthy on tobacco consumption, a disturbing trend. The use of tobacco remains most common for the poorest and the lowest among the wealthy in both rural and urban places.

Gutkha use is widespread in rural India, reflecting an unnerving normalisation. All income classes have seen a bump in consumption, with the rate of the top 20% and bottom 40% of households exhibiting almost similar results. However, inequality is evident in urban areas as fewer than one in ten households in the top 20% consume gutkha while more than one in five households in the bottom 40% do the same.

The disastrous impact of gutkha consumption on health and finances

The rise in gutkha consumption has prominent and detrimental health consequences. The article then threw light on the estimates from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, which revealed that tobacco smoking causes around 13 lakh fatalities in India each year. It is one of the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, heart disease, respiratory conditions and hypertension. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), NCDs are responsible for 63% of all deaths in the nation.

It was pointed out that the relationship between escalating tobacco use and increasing public healthcare coverage has made the current situation especially critical. Ayushman Bharat was created to protect vulnerable households from unmanageable medical costs. Around 12 crore families had received over 42 crore Ayushman cards as of October 2025. Households have already saved an estimated Rs 1.52 lakh crore in out-of-pocket medical expenses because of the program.

Government health spending shot up from 29% to 48% of overall expenditure concerning the sector while out-of-pocket expenses dropped sharply between FY (fiscal year)2015 and FY2022.

The nation bears a greater portion of the costs when tobacco use which thrives in lower-income households causes chronic illness. The long-term financial viability of publicly supported healthcare programs could be gravely compromised in the absence of remedial measures. Likewise, weak fiscal offsets exacerbate this danger. Only 2.4% of gross tax revenue came from tobacco goods in FY23.

The household finances paint the clearest image. The poorest 40% of households in rural India spend only 2.5% of their MPCE on education, compared to 4% on alcohol, tobacco and intoxicants. The article asserted that a welfare state cannot legitimately support the development of human capital while permitting addictive objects to supplant investments in health, nutrition and education.

The writers argued that an unregulated increase in tobacco usage is incompatible with the government’s commitment to social protection and universal health coverage. It is noteworthy that the HCES (Household Consumption Expenditure Survey) data have been described as a policy alarm bell as well as a statistical warning.

What is the way forward

Ravi and Barman also offered suggestions to tackle the sensitive matter and expressed that adding more tax on chewing tobacco alone won’t be enough, even though the Central Excise (Amendment) Bill 2025 calls for it. Thus, strengthening regulatory control is necessary and the actions of leading Bollywood celebrities who are employing surrogate advertising to promote pan masala and gutkha under the fig leaf of “silver-coated cardamom” should not be accepted.

The aforementioned report gathered information on approximately 405 food and non-food items that households utilise such as cereals, pulses, milk, vegetables, meat, eggs, fuel and light, education, medical along with pan, tobacco and intoxicants, among others.

‘Isko batana hai… anjaam kya hota hai’: Bombay HC denies bail to Yusuf Khan, accused in Umesh Kolhe’s murder, says killing was ‘meant to strike terror’

On 20th January, the Bombay High Court denied bail to Yusuf Khan, the veterinary doctor accused of killing Amravati-based chemist Umesh Kolhe in 2022. Kolhe was killed for posting a message on WhatsApp in support of former Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spokesperson Nupur Sharma. While denying bail, the court stated that prima facie the accused had formed a terrorist gang to avenge what they perceived as dishonour to their faith, following the statement of Nupur Sharma, and to instil fear among the general public.

A division bench comprising Justice A S Gadkari and Justice Shyam C Chandak held that the materials placed by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) demonstrated more than a mere criminal conspiracy or an isolated act of violence. The court observed that the nature of the offence, the manner in which it was planned, and the intent behind the murder go to the very core of social order and collective conscience. Thus, the continued detention of the accused was legally justified under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).

Khan’s advocate argued that his actions were limited to a business dispute. However, the court rejected the argument and noted that the alleged conduct, when read in its entirety, showed deliberate instigation, calculated exposure of the victim, and participation in a chain of events that resulted in a brutal murder designed to send a wider message of fear.

The murder of Umesh Kolhe and the context of the social media post

Umesh Kolhe was a veterinary medical shop owner in Amravati, Maharashtra. He was murdered on the night of 21st June 2022 while returning home after closing his shop. Kolhe was killed in the backdrop of violence led by Islamists over Sharma’s remarks during a debate on New Channel, which she made in response to derogatory remarks by Muslim panellist Tasleem Rehmani against Hindu Gods.

According to the prosecution, Kolhe had shared a photograph of Sharma along with a message supporting her remarks in a WhatsApp group on 14th June 2022. He was among a small group of individuals who publicly expressed support for Sharma. Others were threatened and pressured to issue an apology.

The court noted that several individuals who had posted similar messages were coerced into apologising. Kolhe, however, was not asked to retract or apologise. Instead, the court found that he was specifically selected as a target. This was a factor that weighed heavily in assessing the motive and intent behind the crime.

The prosecution argued that the murder was not a spontaneous act, but the outcome of an escalating reaction to Kolhe’s social media activity in an already volatile environment.

Yusuf Khan’s role and why the court rejected the ‘business rivalry’ defence

The court did not treat Yusuf Khan as a peripheral or accidental link in the chain of events that led to Kolhe’s murder. Khan, who is a veterinary doctor, was personally acquainted with Kolhe and regularly purchased medicines from his shop. Both were members of a WhatsApp group named Black Freedom that included veterinary chemists and medical representatives. Khan was the only Muslim member in that group.

The court noted that Khan claimed to have been offended by Kolhe’s post, which he published in favour of Nupur Sharma. His defence was that he merely intended to persuade others to stop doing business with Kolhe so that his earnings would be affected. However, after examining the material that was placed on record, the High Court rejected the claim as implausible and inconsistent with Khan’s conduct.

The court noted that if the intention was just to boycott his business, the message would have been drafted and circulated only among Kolhe’s customers. However, Khan circulated the post widely, including in other WhatsApp groups and to individuals who had no business relationship with the deceased. The court held that his actions demonstrated that the objective was not limited to economic pressure but to provocation and exposure, designed to trigger anger and retaliation against Kolhe.

The court also noted that Khan was a literate and professionally qualified individual who was fully capable of understanding the fragile social atmosphere that was prevailing in the country at that time. Despite this, Khan chose to circulate an instigating message rather than deescalating the situation. It was Khan’s conscious choice, which weighed heavily against him at the stage of bail.

The WhatsApp message, altered phone number, and how intent was inferred

One of the most critical aspects of the judgment relates to the WhatsApp messages circulated by Khan after Kolhe shared the post. The court noted that before taking the screenshot of the message that Kolhe posted, Khan deliberately altered the second last digit of Kolhe’s mobile number in his contact list and then resaved it. This ensured that Kolhe’s identity and contact details were exposed to a wider audience.

Khan then added an instigating message in Hindi urging recipients to show Kolhe the consequences of “betraying those who gave him business” and to forward the message as widely as possible across groups. The message read, “Amit Medical Prabhat Takiz Tehsil ke Samane isko batana hain ke jin logon ke bharose kamai ki unse hi dushmani ka anjam kya hota hai, is message ko zyada se zyada group or gore walo ko send kare.”

The court stated that the wording of the message was crafted to provoke anger and immediate action. The court rejected the argument that the phraseology merely indicated a boycott and observed that references to groups and wide circulation pointed towards an intent to incite retaliation rather than commercial pressure.

The court further noted that Khan did not merely forward the message once. He circulated it across platforms and followed it up by meeting another accused shortly thereafter. According to the court, this sequence showed a clear progression from instigation to conspiracy, rather than an isolated emotional reaction.

The judgment further records that Khan did not merely forward the message once. He circulated it across platforms and followed it up by meeting another accused, identified as Accused No 5, shortly thereafter. This sequence, according to the court, showed a clear progression from instigation to conspiracy, rather than an isolated emotional reaction.

Phone records, meetings, and the court’s finding of covert participation

A decisive factor in the court’s refusal to grant bail was the pattern of communication between Yusuf Khan and Accused No 5. The court noted that they exchanged 25 phone calls before and after Kolhe’s murder. These calls, when read alongside witness statements and location data, were treated as strong circumstantial evidence that Khan was involved in the conspiracy to kill Kolhe.

The prosecution argued that Accused No 5 acted as a conduit between Khan and the other accused. While Khan was not physically present at every meeting where the murder was planned, such absence does not absolve a conspirator of liability. The bench observed that direct participation at every stage is neither necessary nor expected.

The court further noted that Khan’s mobile location placed him near Roshan Hall on 9th June 2022. A meeting was held at that location to discuss filing an FIR against Sharma’s remarks. This, coupled with the timing of his communications and subsequent meetings involving co-accused, reinforced the inference that Khan was part of the larger plan from its early stages.

The bench remarked that Khan appeared to have deliberately distanced himself from the execution phase of the crime after igniting the anger through his message. The court said his actions suggested that he remained “quietly active behind the curtain” and ensured that the conspiracy progressed while attempting to insulate himself from direct involvement in the murder.

How the conspiracy was judicially reconstructed

The conspiracy was reconstructed through a sequence of events rather than isolated incidents. According to the prosecution, prima facie Khan’s instigating message marked the starting point. Soon after, he met Accused No 5, who was equally offended by Kolhe’s post.

After the meeting, Accused No 5 met other accused persons at Gausiya Hall. At that meeting, the issue of Umesh Kolhe’s social media post was discussed in detail. The court noted that on 19th June 2022, a meeting involving Accused Nos 4, 5, 7, and 11 led to a decision that Kolhe should be killed as punishment for allegedly dishonouring their faith. The manner of the murder, by targeting the neck with a sharp weapon, was also discussed.

An initial attempt to carry out the murder on 20th June failed because Kolhe’s shop was closed. The following night, after a recce was conducted by other accused, Kolhe was intercepted while returning home and stabbed in the neck, resulting in his death.

The High Court emphasised that conspiracy need not be proved through direct evidence. What is required is a meeting of minds, which can be inferred from conduct, communication patterns, and surrounding circumstances. In Khan’s case, the court held that the cumulative material on record was sufficient to establish such a meeting of minds at the prima facie stage.

‘Terrorist gang’ and why UAPA was upheld

The High Court’s characterisation of the accused group as a terrorist gang is one of the most consequential findings. The bench held that the murder of Kolhe was not confined to personal revenge or a localised dispute. It was intended to strike terror in the hearts and minds of the general public, irrespective of whether they supported Sharma’s remarks or not.

The court said, “Considering the material on record, prima facie it appears that a terrorist gang was formed by the accused persons under the leadership of A-7 to avenge the alleged dishonour of their faith by the deceased, by brutally killing him and to strike terror into the hearts and minds of general public irrespective of whether they supported the spokesperson’s comment or not.”

The court observed that the killing was designed to send a message that public support for certain views would invite violent retribution. This wider objective, it held, brought the offence squarely within the ambit of Sections 16, 18, and 20 of UAPA.

While rejecting the defence argument that UAPA was being misapplied, the court reiterated that at the stage of bail, the court is required to examine whether the accusations are prima facie true, not whether they will ultimately result in conviction. The court held that the materials placed by the NIA established reasonable grounds to believe that Khan was involved in a terrorist conspiracy. The court said that the seriousness of the offence and its impact on societal security outweighed arguments relating to prolonged incarceration or delay in trial.

Why the court refused to extend Article 21 relief at the bail stage

Khan’s counsel argued that his continued incarceration for over 3.5 years amounted to pre-trial punishment, which violates Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Though the court acknowledged the general principle that prolonged detention can justify bail, it held that this safeguard cannot be mechanically applied in cases involving terror offences supported by strong prima facie material.

The court distinguished cases where bail was granted due to weak probative value of evidence and held that the present case was supported by consistent, corroborative material independent of extra judicial confessions. The court concluded that releasing Khan at this stage would be contrary to the statutory mandate under UAPA and the broader interest of public safety.

Conclusion

In its order dismissing Yusuf Khan’s bail, the Bombay High Court sent a strong message on how ideologically motivated violence, even when triggered through digital instigation, will be judicially assessed. The court made it clear that targeted killings carried out to punish speech and to intimidate society at large cannot be diluted into claims of personal grievance or business rivalry.

The court held that conspiracies need not be loud or visible at every stage. Participation, the bench held, can be covert, calculated, and deliberately distanced from the final act, without losing criminal liability.

Furthermore, the judgment reinforced that when violence is intended to create fear beyond the immediate victim and to silence others through terror, the threshold of the UAPA is crossed. The refusal of Khan’s bail was not punitive but a necessary consequence of the gravity of the offence and the prima facie material on record.

Uttar Pradesh: 10 illegal mazars on Suheldev Medical College land in Bahraich finally bulldozed by administration after years of legal battle

On 19th January (Monday), 10 illegally built mazars or dargahs were demolished in the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh. These structures, situated in and around the Maharaja Suheldev Medical College of the Kotwali Dehat area, were deemed illegal, after which the district administration proceeded with the demolition on the ruling of the City Magistrate. Thousands of square feet of land were under illegal occupation by these mazars.

The action transpired after the institution’s principal Sanjay Khatri wrote a letter to the district administration and submitted that the studies of the students were being hindered by the visitors to the shrines. He mentioned that the “Astana Rasool Shah” dargah which housed 10 structures was directly across the campus.

It drew many people each day and the heavy pedestrian traffic disturbed the pupils. A boundary wall had also been installed around it. The complaint was taken seriously and management committee of the shrines was told to remove them.

On the other hand, the land documents for the college, provided by the Revenue Department in 2016 which included the land survey records (Khasra-Khatauni), map and other paperwork did not mention the Islamic buildings. Afterwards, the Divisional Commissioner of Devipatan was approached regarding the case who earlier ruled that the structures were illegal excluding those recorded with the Waqf Board and should be razed.

Protests started against the demolition action which led to a tense atmosphere in the area, however, several cops were deployed from multiple police stations at the scene to maintain law and order. The district administration informed that the mazars were rendered unlawful by both court and administrative decisions.

People involved with the management of the illegal mazars opposed the move, but the large force of police personnel brought the situation under control as the agitators were pacified through dialogue, as per reports.

Legal battle since 2002

Interestingly, initiatives to construct and take down the illegal mazars had been in progress since 2002 when the Bahraich District Magistrate pronounced them unauthorised and illegal. The management committee contested the verdict in the district court, but their petition was dismissed in 2004. However, the matter continued to be the subject of a drawn-out conflict. The committee appealed to the Divisional Commissioner in 2019 after exhausting all other avenues.

However, an order was eventually issued that declared the mazars which were located close to the district magistrate’s office as illicit and instructed their demolition. Notably, there were only two structures at the site at first but several more mushroomed around them over time after which the administration repeatedly warned that these were illegal.

According to Waqf Board documents, only two of the mazars were officially registered. However, those who managed them erected 10 more in their vicinity. They were not registered and neither the Waqf Board nor any relevant authority was notified about the development. Moreover, they fell within the boundaries of Maharaja Suheldev Medical College’s campus following its establishment in 2023.

City Magistrate Rajesh Prasad highlighted, “The buildings were not destroyed in spite of the directives issued since 2002. These individuals gradually constructed 10 to 12 shrines without permission and subsequently extended them. They have encroached upon an estimated 2,000 square feet of land with these unlawful structures. The encroachments are going to be removed in the presence of police and administrative officials.”

He mentioned that on 10th January, notices were sent out requesting a voluntary elimination of the shrines by 17th January. The notice made it very clear that noncompliance would result in enforced demolition on 19th January and the expenses would be recouped as land revenue. Furthermore, the medical college also filed a complaint with the district administration, charging that the management committee continuously expanded the mazars while encroaching on further government land.

Prasad expressed that the mazars were already found to be illegal by judgments released in 2002, 2004, and later upheld by the commissioner in 2019. However, they were not taken down willingly, despite repeated assurances. Hence, the action had to be completed on the district magistrate’s direction and under appropriate police supervision. He emphasised that the two mazars registered with the Waqf Board remained untouched.

Maneka Gandhi’s remarks irresponsible and should invite contempt: Read what SC said on callous statements by former minister over stray dogs issue

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On 20th January, the Supreme Court of India came down heavily on former Union Minister and controversial animal activist Maneka Gandhi for her remarks against the court’s orders on stray dogs. The court observed that her remarks amounted to “contempt of court”.

In a sharp rebuke, the bench remarked that even Ajmal Kasab, the terrorist involved in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack, “did not commit contempt”, unlike Gandhi. Notably, senior advocate Raju Ramachandran, who appeared for Gandhi, argued that he had appeared for Kasab as well, a comment that led to the sharp rebuke by the court. The court, however, refrained from initiating contempt proceedings against her due to its “magnanimity”.

The three judge bench comprising Justice Vikram Nath, Justice Sandeep Mehta and Justice N V Anjaria was hearing a suo motu case on the stray dog issue and public safety concerns.

Court defends its earlier oral observations

At the beginning of the hearing, advocate Prashant Bhushan objected to oral remarks made by the bench during the previous proceedings, including remarks where the court said it would impose fines on dog feeders for dog bite cases. Bhushan stated that such comments often get “misinterpreted” once reported. Justice Mehta responded that the observations were made in response to what the court described as “unrealistic arguments” advanced on behalf of dog lovers.

When Bhushan suggested that the court’s remark about holding dog feeders responsible was sarcastic, Justice Mehta firmly denied it, stating that the bench was “serious” and not being sarcastic at all.

‘Have you seen what your client has been saying?’

Ramachandran, while arguing the matter, said that since proceedings were televised, both the Bar and the Bench had a duty to remain circumspect. This prompted Justice Vikram Nath to ask whether he had examined the nature of statements made by his client outside court. “Your client has committed contempt. We have not taken action, that is our magnanimity. Have you seen what she says, her body language?” Justice Nath remarked.

When Ramachandran stated that he had previously appeared for Ajmal Kasab as amicus curiae, the bench responded sharply. “Ajmal Kasab did not commit contempt of court, but your client has,” Justice Nath said.

Questions over policy, funding, and accountability

During submissions, Ramachandran argued that effective implementation of the Animal Birth Control Rules and the National Action Plan for Rabies Elimination was crucial to resolving the stray dog problem. He pointed out that while NAPRE clearly identified hurdles and assigned responsibilities, over 30 states had failed to formulate their mandated action plans.

The bench, however, questioned why Gandhi’s application was silent on budgetary allocation. Justice Mehta asked what contribution Gandhi had made towards funding or implementing these policies during her tenure as a Union Minister and animal rights advocate. Ramachandran replied that he could not provide an oral answer to the query.

Comments by Maneka Gandhi

The court’s observations stem from Maneka Gandhi’s earlier public criticism of Supreme Court directions ordering the removal of stray dogs from sensitive locations such as schools, hospitals, and bus and railway stations. She had termed the orders “impractical”, questioned their feasibility, and criticised what she described as a lack of coordination and infrastructure.

While the bench did not specify which of Gandhi’s remarks amounted to contempt, it made clear that public comments undermining the authority of the court would not be tolerated, even as it chose restraint for now.

Parents of deceased minor allege hospital negligence, court bars speculation on cause of death

During the hearing, the parents of the six year old girl whose death led the Supreme Court to take suo motu cognisance of the stray dog menace also made submissions. Advocate Jasdeep Dhillon appeared for the parents. He informed the court that multiple hospitals were guilty of negligence as they refused timely treatment to the child.

He submitted that while the child received three doses of the rabies vaccine at Ambedkar Hospital in Rohini, she was referred from one hospital to another for treatment for her injuries, including Safdarjung Hospital, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, and Lady Hardinge Hospital. All of them, according to Dhillon, refused to treat her citing one reason or another.

Dhillon further told the court that the stray dog which attacked the child had previously bitten at least four other people in the area, yet no remedial action was taken by the authorities. Responding to a query from the bench on the cause of death, he stated that it was a case of acute viral illness following a dog bite.

After Dhillon completed his submissions, some counsels appearing for the dog lovers attempted to contest the cause of death. They argued that the post mortem report was not conclusive and that rabies could only be confirmed through brain tissue analysis. One counsel even claimed that the child was eating and drinking in her final days, which, according to her, was inconsistent with rabies.

The bench reacted strongly to these submissions. “You are trying to suggest her death was due to natural causes?” Justice Sandeep Mehta remarked, before prohibiting any further arguments or speculation on the child’s death. Both Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Mehta directed counsels to refrain from commenting on the facts of the case.

Furthermore, another counsel appearing for a victim of a dog attack pointed out that there is no mechanism to fix responsibility when a stray dog repeatedly bites people. He further argued that since animals are slaughtered for human consumption, violent stray dogs should also be firmly dealt with in the interest of public safety.

Stray dog menace in India

The ongoing proceedings have brought the issue of the stray dog menace into the limelight since the hearing began in August last year. The stray dog issue is not a peripheral civic concern but a nationwide public safety crisis that the system has repeatedly failed to confront properly.

Since the Animal Birth Control Rules came into effect in 2001, the stray dog population and dog bite incidents have sharply increased across the country. Though there was a dip in stray dog bite cases in 2020 and the following years, this can be attributed to the COVID 19 pandemic, as the nation was under strict lockdown.

When the lockdown was lifted, stray dog bite incidents began to rise again and, over the years, have increased sharply in number. Altercations between dog lovers and the general public have also increased due to safety concerns. The Supreme Court took cognisance of the matter after a six year old child died of rabies. Several orders have since been passed by the court, including the removal of dogs from public and private institutions such as colleges, hospitals, schools, railway stations, and bus stands.

Years of policy paralysis, selective activism, weak enforcement of existing rules, and the absence of accountability have ensured that responsibility is endlessly deflected while victims, often children and the elderly, pay the price. Now, as the apex court is hearing the matter to bring a balance between compassion and public safety, the larger question remains unresolved, whether human life will finally be placed above ideological posturing, and whether governments and institutions will be compelled to act decisively rather than hide behind frameworks that exist largely on paper.

The hearing will continue on 28th January at 2 pm, with the court set to hear further submissions from the amicus curiae, and states and UTs.

OpIndia is doing a series on Stray Dog Menace that can be checked here.

‘Udhayanidhi Stalin made hate speech against Hindus’: Madras HC quashes FIR against BJP IT Cell head Amit Malviya, says DMK has a history of attacking Sanatan Dharma

On 20th January, the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court quashed an FIR filed against BJP IT Cell head Amit Malviya in 2023, stating that the speech delivered by DMK leader Udhayanidhi Stalin at the “Sanatana Abolition Conference” was a “hate speech” against the Hindu community.

Justice S Srimathy stated that there have been constant attacks on Hinduism over the last 100 years, first by Dravida Kazhagam and later by Dravida Munetra Kazhagam (DMK).

Regarding Udhayanidhi Stalin’s remarks against Sanatan Dharma, the judge said, “The minister’s remarks amount to hate speech.”

Justice S Srimathy noted that while those who reacted to the Tamil Nadu deputy chief minister’s anti-Hindu hate speech were booked, the law was not put into motion against the one who initiated the hate speech. It must be recalled that an FIR was lodged by the Tiruchy Police in 2023, accusing Amit Malviya of misrepresenting Udhayanidhi Stalin’s ‘eradicate Sanatan Dharma’ remark.

“The courts are questioning the persons who reacted, but are not putting the law in motion against the person who initiated the hate speech. In the present case, no case has been filed against the minister for his hate speech in TN, but some cases have been filed in other states,” she said.

Udhayanidhi Stalin’s speech was “totally against 80% Hindus”

The court took note of the submissions made by Amit Malviya’s counsel, highlighting how DMK has consistently been attacking Sanatan Dharma. Referring to these submissions, Justice S Srimathy said, “There is a clear attack on Hinduism by the Dravida Kazhagam, and subsequently, along with the DMK, for the past 100 years, to which the minister belongs. While considering the overall circumstances, it is seen that the petitioner had questioned the hidden meaning of the minister’s speech.”

The court further noted that Udhayanidhi Stalin’s remarks amounted to hate speech and that Amit Malviya, being a Sanatani, was a victim who only defended Sanatan Dharma against the DMK leader’s verbal attack.

“The speech of the minister would clearly indicate that it is totally against 80% Hindus, which comes within the mischief of hate speech. The petitioner, who is a Sanatani, is a victim of such hate speech and has only defended the Sanatana Dharma from hate speech. When the minister utters a hate speech, the petitioner’s (act of) opposing the said hate speech cannot be considered as a crime,” the court said.

Justice Srimathy further noted that the BJP leader did not incite violence against Stalin or his party. He also did not refer to two competing communities, to get booked under Sections 153 and 153A of the IPC. Noting that there was no mens rea on the part of the BJP leader, the court decided to quash the FIR against him.

‘Sanatan Ozhippu’: Madras HC dissects Udhayanidhi Stalin’s ‘Eradicate Sanatan’ hate speech

The court highlighted a specific term used by Udhayanidhi Stalin in his hate speech back in 2023. Justice S Srimathy said that Stalin used the word ‘Ozhippu’, which means ‘abolish’, ‘eradicate’ or ‘eliminate’. The judge deduced that in the context of Stalin’s speech, ‘ozhippu’ would mean the abolishment of Sanatan Dharma, and for it to not be there, Sanatanis should not be there.

“The word ‘abolish’ would indicate that some existing thing should not be there. If it is applied to the present case, if Sanatana Dharma should not be there, then the people following Sanatana Dharma should not be there. It means suppression of activities that do not conform to the destroyer’s notion,” the court said.

“To consider the issue [at hand], the alleged speech of the Minister ought to be seen, wherein he said ‘Sanatana Dharma should not be resisted or opposed, but has to be abolished/eradicated’. In Tamil, it is stated not as Sanatana ethirppu (opposing Sanatana), but Sanatana ozhippu (eradicating Sanatana),” the court said.

Thus, the judge stated that ‘Sanatan ozhippu’ means genocide or culturicide of Sanatanis, that is, Hindus. The court decided that Amit Malviya’s questioning of Udhayanidhi Stalin’s ‘Sanatan ozhippu’ remarks did not amount to hate speech.

“The entire case is on the word ozhippu, which is crucial. The word ‘abolish’ would indicate that some existing thing should not be there. If it is applied to the present case, if Sanatana Dharma should not be there, then the people following Sanatana Dharma should not be there. If a group of people following Sanatana Dharma should not be there, then the appropriate word is ‘genocide’. If Sanatana Dharma is a religion, then it is ‘Religicide’. It also means to eradicate the people by following any methods or various methods with diverse attacks on ecocide, factocide, culturicide [cultural genocide]. Therefore, the Tamil phrase Sanatana ozhippu would clearly mean genocide or culturicide. In such circumstances, the post of the petitioner questioning the Minister’s speech would not amount to hate speech,” the judge stated.

The Madras High Court judge also quoted the previous March 2024 high court order, which already deemed Stalin’s anti-Sanatan remarks as “hate speech”. During the hearing on Tuesday (20th January), Justice Srimathy quoted the March 2024 ruling, which stated that the DMK leader’s statement “spew hate against a particular community, the Hindus, and constitute disinformation and hate”.

Furthermore, the court rebuked the Investigating Officer for a statement in the court affidavit in favour of the DMK leader. In the statement, the IO said, “The Governor and BJP can speak about Sanathan, then why cannot the Minister speak about Sanathan?”

Emphasising that the court is “pained” due to the IO’s statement, Justice Srimathy said, “The above would clearly indicate the counter has political colour, but unfortunately it is filed by the investigating officer. The officials ought to be apolitical, and taking sides with a political party is reprimandable.”

Anti-Hindu hate speech by Udhayanidhi Stalin and the FIR against BJP’s Amit Malviya

It all started on 2nd September 2023, when the then Minister for Youth Welfare and Sports Development of Tamil Nadu, Udhayanidhi Stalin, while addressing a Sanatana Abolition Conference, equated Sanatan Dharma or Hinduism with mosquitoes, dengue, malaria, corona and that it should be eradicated.

“Mosquitoes, dengue, flu, malaria, corona – we should not oppose these things. They have to be eradicated completely. The same is the case with Santanam (Hinduism). Our first work should be to abolish/eradicate Sanatanam instead of opposing it. So, my appreciation to you all for giving an apt title to the meeting,” Stalin said at the event organised by the Tamil Nadu Progressive Writers Forum.

Later, he went on a tirade against the Hindu civilisational religious philosophy on social media. While taking to X (formerly Twitter), Udhayanidhi Stalin wrote, “Sanatan Dharma is a principle that divides people in the name of caste and religion.”

“Uprooting Sanatan Dharma is upholding humanity and human equality…I spoke on behalf of the oppressed & marginalized, who suffer due to the Sanatan Dharma. I spoke on behalf of the oppressed & marginalized, who suffer due to the Sanatan Dharma,” he reiterated his sinister plan.

The Tamil Nadu Police showed more dexterity in silencing those questioning Stalin than the initiator of the anti-Hindu hate speech. On 6th September 2023, the Tiruchirappalli police stated that they have filed an FIR against BJP’s Amit Malviya for ‘distorting’ the remarks made by Udhayanidhi Stalin.

What triggered the FIR was an X post by Amit Malviya in which he said, “Udhayanidhi Stalin, son of Tamilnadu CM MK Stalin, and a minister in the DMK Govt, has linked Sanatana Dharma to malaria and dengue… He is of the opinion that it must be eradicated and not merely opposed. In short, he is calling for the genocide of 80% population of Bharat, who follow Sanatan Dharma. DMK is a prominent member of the Opposition block and a long standing ally of the Congress. Is this what was agreed in the Mumbai meet?”

Rs 8031.56 crores saved, lakhs of fraudulent transactions stopped: Read how Centre’s Suspect Registry is helping India combat cyber frauds

In a major step towards combating cyber fraud, the Ministry of Home Affairs had launched a national cybercrime ‘Suspect Registry’ in September 2024. The Suspect Registry was launched as a part of a broader imperative to enhance cybersecurity and prevent online scams. Since its official launch, the Registry has helped save thousands of crores of rupees by declining lakhs of fraudulent transactions.

National Cybercrime Suspect Registry and how it works

The Suspect Registry was launched on 10th September 2024 by Union Home Minister Amit Shah. This registry was formed to bolster cybersecurity and prevent online scams by aggregating and sharing data on known cybercriminals. The initiative is managed by the Home Ministry’s Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). The Suspect Registry was developed based on inputs from the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP), where citizens report cybercrimes.

The Suspect Registry is aimed at creating a cyber shield by identifying and flagging suspected cybercriminals. The Registry addresses the surging tide of online scams in the country, where cyber fraudsters use myriad tactics, including phishing links, fake applications, and mule accounts to siphon money.

Pertinently, the cybercrime Suspect Registry aids in real-time prevention of online scams rather than just the conventional post-incident investigation. Reports say that the Registry launched by the Central government contains data on over 1.4 million cybercriminals linked to fiscal fraud and other forms of cyber offences. This data comprises phone numbers, email addresses, and bank details, in addition to other identifiers connected with suspicious activities.

However, this Registry is not related to GST fraud detection, and specifically targets cyber-enabled financial crimes like phishing, fraudulent transactions, and identity theft, etc. For GST-related fraud detection, there are separate mechanisms in place.

In addition to aggregating data from the NCRP, the Suspect Registry gathers inputs from various law enforcement agencies, intelligence units, and police departments in states and union territories. The goal has been to create a database of suspects, be it individuals or entities, flagged for suspected role in cybercrimes.

The Suspect Registry is accessible to federal probe agencies like the Enforcement Directorate, and Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), etc, and state and UT police forces, alongside financial institutions like banks and payment gateways. To ensure widespread adoption, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated all banks to integrate with the Suspect Registry.

The I4C-managed Suspect Registry has a robust fraud detection mechanism in place. When a transaction is initiated through UPI, net banking, or other apps, banks and financial platforms cross-reference the relevant details, including phone numbers or account numbers, against the Suspect Registry.

If a match is found indicating a connection to a known cybercriminal, the transaction is flagged and declined in real-time. By preventing the money from being transferred to fraudulent accounts, online scams are stopped at the source.

The Suspect Registry has integrated AI-driven tools for data analysis and pattern recognition. To make the registry dynamic, it is continuously updated with new reports and data.

Notably, the Suspect Registry operates under the Information Technology Act, 2000, and in alignment with the Personal Data Protection Act for handling sensitive data, to ensure privacy while prioritising national security.

Suspect Registry and its massive impact

Within months of its launch in September 2024, the Suspect Registry proved to be a game-changer in combating cybercrimes. In the first 90 days after its launch, the registry helped decline over 6.10 lakh fraudulent transactions. The Suspect Registry prevented victim losses estimated at Rs 1,800 crore. Beyond financial savings, it led to quicker arrests and probes.

By mid-2025, the cybercrime Suspect Registry had its impact expanded, with the blocking of over 13 lakh fraudulent transactions. With this, the Registry helped save victim losses up to Rs 5,100 crore.

As per a December 2025 press release issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, more than 18.43 lakh suspect identifier data received from Banks and 24.67 lakh Layer 1 mule accounts were shared with the participating entities of Suspect Registry and declined transactions worth Rs. 8031.56 crores.

Interestingly, the Suspect Registry is also being used by the I4C for proactive prevention against cyber fraud. Recently, a massive job scam was unearthed in Cambodia. Eight fraudsters have been arrested for operating an interstate investment fraud conspiracy. These fraudsters embezzled around Rs 4 crore through mule bank accounts in just 14 days. This cybercrime ring had connections to handlers in Cambodia.

Further investigation by the Indian probe agencies traced a Pakistani link to the fraud network. Over 5,000 Indians have been found to be stranded in Cambodia after they were duped into engaging in cybercrime through phoney job opportunities. 

Some of the victims saved and brought back have revealed to central agencies that they were recruited by Pakistani agents. Digital footprints, including IP logs from recruitment calls and chats, were used in forensic analysis, and they outlined the presence of operatives in Pakistan. These Pakistani handlers were running a coordinated network that preyed on vulnerable jobseekers from places like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Mumbai, Telangana and Kerala.” While the central probe agencies, including the CBI and NIA, continue investigation into the syndicate, all the IP addresses traced to Pakistan in this case, have been entered in the Suspect Registry. The flagged IPs would now trigger real-time alerts or blocks during suspected fraudulent transactions or communications, disrupting cybercrime in real-time.

Shimjitha Musthafa booked after a man commits suicide following sexual harassment allegations: Kerala tragedy exposes dangers of social media vigilantism

The suicide of a 40-year-old man named Deepak U has sparked a national debate over whether it was a case of real sexual harassment by the man or the woman, Shimjitha Musthafa, filming the incident, stooped too low for view farming. Amidst the outrage, the woman who accused Deepak of sexually harassing her during a bus ride in Kerala’s Kozhikode has been booked by the police on 20th January, over the allegations of abetment to suicide.

This comes after the deceased man’s mother, Kanyaka, filed a complaint against Shimjitha Musthafa. The case has been registered under Section 108 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023.

The Kozhikode Medical College Police have already recorded the statement of the accused, Shimjitha Musthafa, and further action will be taken in the matter after preliminary investigation.

Meanwhile, the Kerala Human Rights Commission has ordered an investigation, and the incident has sparked discussion on mental health, false accusations, and the detrimental outcomes of desperation for followers and views farming by content creators.

Deepak U committed suicide after a sexual harassment claim triggered trolling and backlash against him

On 16th January, Deepak U, a resident of Kozhikode’s Govindapuram area, had taken a KSRTC bus, where Shimjitha Musthafa was also travelling. During the crowded bus journey, Shimjitha Musthafa recorded and shared a video claiming that Deepak inappropriately touched her.

The viral video shows Deepak standing away from the woman, trying to balance himself by holding the upper part of a seat as the bus shook and rolled on. For the first few seconds, the video was shot with the woman showing Deepak, who was standing a couple of feet away from her. The next part of the video shows the woman from another angle, where she is standing closer to Deepak, and pointing the camera at how his elbow is moving. Deepak, apparently unaware that a video is being made, continues his position. At one instance, his elbow touches the woman’s chest, who was then standing very close to him.

The video went viral and sparked sharp reactions. Soon after, Shimjitha published another video doubling down on her allegations against Deepak, saying that he deliberately touched her without consent and violated her sexual boundaries. She further claimed that it was a deliberate act stemming from the belief that he would not have to face any consequences for it.

“Yesterday, I shared a video from a public bus where a man deliberately touched me without my consent. This was not an accident or a misunderstanding. It was a clear violation of my sexual boundaries. I began recording after noticing a woman in front of me was uncomfortable. Despite knowing he was being recorded, the man still went ahead and touched me. This shows a deliberate act, a lack of empathy and the belief that he would face no consequences,” Shimjitha Musthafa said.

After the video went viral, Deepak was reportedly distressed and told his family and relatives that he had no wrong intentions and that his hand touched the woman inadvertently. On the morning of Sunday (18th January), Deepak’s parents tried to knock on his door. After there was no response, the family called neighbours to gain entry into the room. Deepak was found hanging.

Deepak’s devastated mother said that the deceased man was deeply stressed after the video Shimjitha shared on social media and levelled grave accusations against him, which went viral. Deepak’s mother said, “My child could not bear it. He has not been accused of anything wrong ever.”

In no time, social media pivoted from criticising, trolling, and rushing to judge Deepak to pointing out that Deepak was innocent and the woman intentionally set him up, to gain social media attention.

Memes showing men using cardboard boxes to avoid getting falsely accused of sexual harassment

The disturbing incident has triggered a wave of memes and satirical content on social media, particularly centred on the men’s apprehensions of false accusations in public spaces like buses.

Several videos and memes show men employing exaggerated protective measures, including cardboard boxes, to avoid any accidental contact with women, which may spark any baseless claim of harassment. Call it dark humour or a unique protest, such content is gaining widespread support on social media.

In one of the viral videos, a man in a crowded Kerala bus is seen wearing an oversized cardboard box covering his upper body, arms outstretched, holding the overhead bar. The box features text in Malayalam, which roughly translates to “Protection from false allegations”.

Sharing video of some men wearing cardboard boxes and saying that they are wearing them to save themselves from getting falsely accused of touching women in public spaces inappropriately, an X user wrote, “From now on, the new tactic that men have come up with to save their lives from those reel-obsessed girls who travel together in buses.”

Sharing another such video, an X user wrote, “After this incident in Kerala, many men are feeling scared & insecure. Now, some men are getting on the bus with ‘sharp sticks’ or rods on their shoulders so that no woman can use the excuse of a push to record a video of them.

In another video, a man is seen placing a cardboard as a partition on a bus seat before sitting next to a female passenger. Sharing the video, an X user wrote, “Men can travel by bus in Kerala from today.”

Another X user shared an AI-generated picture, showing a man wearing multiple bodycams while travelling in a crowded bus. Sharing the image, an X user wrote, “How to travel by bus in India if you’re a male.”

A key takeaway of the entire episode is that social media could be a double-edged sword. While it is a tool that can bring social change, it can also devastate lives. Deepak could not bear the mental toll of the social media trial based on the claim Shimjitha Musthafa associated with the video she uploaded.

While Musthafa justified her actions, many questioned whether she was so sure that Deepak inappropriately touched her and violated her sexual boundaries; why did she not file a police complaint against him instead of uploading the video on social media and leaving it at that?

This question lends credence to the allegations that Shimjitha may have recorded and wrongly passed off the inadvertent touching as deliberate harassment, for follower and views farming, not realising that Deepak would take the extreme step.

IUML leader to YouTuber: Who is Shimjitha Musthafa?

Shimjitha Musthafa is originally from Vatakara (also spelt Vadakara) in Kerala’s Kozhikode district. She shifted to Velleri after her marriage 16 years ago. While married Muslim women pursuing higher education is relatively rare, Shimjitha completed her graduation and post-graduation in commerce. She obtained a BEd degree.

Media reports confirm that Shimjitha Musthafa has been affiliated with the Islamist political party, Indian Union Muslim League (IUML).

In the year 2020, Shimjitha Musthafa contested panchayat elections from Velleri ward of Areekode Grama Panchayat on the ticket of IUML. Shimjitha won the election with a margin of 588 votes.

Notably, IUML is an offshoot of Pakistan’s founder and Islamist Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s All India Muslim League (AIML). The birth of the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) in December 1947 was a part of the intention to keep the spirit of the All-India Muslim League. The IUML advocated Sharia law for Indian Muslims in the Constituent Assembly after India’s independence. The party was found involved in the planning as well as the execution of the brutal Marad massacre in Kerala in 2003.

Its leaders, P.P. Moideen Koya and Moyeen Haji, have previously been accused of funding, conspiring and executing the riots. In 2023, the IUML had declared support to Palestinian Islamic terror outfit Hamas even as the latter was killing and raping Israeli people. In 2023, the IUML leaders raised anti-Hindu slogans, including those threatening to hang them (Hindus) in front of Temples and burn them alive, during Kerala’s Kasargod during a protest over Manipur unrest.

A Manorama report says that Musthafa’s family has been sympathetic to the IUML. She remained active as a panchayat member, but later, she travelled to Dubai with her husband, and eventually began working as an accountant. During her time in Dubai, Shimjitha developed an interest in vlogging.

Ummer Velleri, IUML secretary of Areekode Grama Panchayat, said, “Shimjitha was not very well known among local people then. But we decided to field her because she is well-educated. We wanted to groom a woman leader for the party. As a postgraduate, she was an apt candidate, with the potential to rise even to the post of panchayat president. Her victory by a huge margin surprised even party cadres. Her manners and attitude attracted voters.”

Shimjitha, who during her college days was overtly religious, faced criticism with her party, IUML, after she began uploading social media content without a hijab and wearing a Bindi. The IUML soon asked her to resign from her position as the panchayat leader, and the rift since then only widened.

For the last six months, Shimjitha Musthafa has been residing in Kozhikode’s Vatakara and has taken social media influencing as a career. Currently, her whereabouts remain undisclosed, with some reports claiming that she is absconding.

Those who fear Babur should not guard Bharat’s culture

This piece is written as a direct response to the recent Op-Ed written by the Vice-Chancellor of Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication (MCNUJC) on OpIndia and a public letter issued by him, in which he chose to condemn my proposed session on Babur. While the tone of his intervention was framed as concern for “positivity” and cultural harmony, its substance reveals something far more troubling: a naïve; indeed dangerous, insistence that a civilisation can be strengthened by refusing to speak of its invaders.

Such a position is not merely historically untenable; it stands in direct contradiction to the very ethos of Bharat. A civilisation that survives does not do so by selective silence, nor by outsourcing its memory to administrative convenience. It survives by remembering; clearly, honestly, and without fear.

The pride in the word Bharat does not rest merely on civilisational continuity stretching back to the Battle of the Ten Kings. Its deeper source lies in something far more formidable: this civilisation did not fracture despite over a thousand years of continuous invasion.

Many came, those who shattered Rome, extinguished Greece, humbled Persia, and erased entire worlds like Egypt. They broke civilisations elsewhere. They failed here. Bharat stood, bloodied, but unbroken. That endurance itself reflects the sacredness of this geography and the resilience of its civilisational soul.

Dharma endured every test of time, perhaps because Charioteer Shri Krishna himself is our Bhagyavidhata. His words were not poetic musings. They strategic doctrines for the endurance of a civilisation when he uttered:

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत।

अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।

धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥

The world, Krishna reminds us, is a perpetual battlefield against Adharma. He does not promise peace. Rather he promises return. Again and again. And he commands Arjuna not to retreat into moral paralysis, but to rise and fight for Dharma.

I firmly believe the brave-hearts of Bharat took this command with absolute seriousness. They did not just believe in it. They acted upon it. They bore arms and waged war not for the sanctity of Krishna, Ram, Devi, and Mahadeva.

Women chose jauhar over dishonour. Men fought until life itself was exhausted. Our ballads describe warriors whose bodies continued to battle even after being beheaded. One can be free to call it exaggeration, but it was no less than reverence for courage that transcended mortality.

This bloodshed and self-immolation were not random acts of fanaticism. They were conscious sacrifices; for Dharma, for Bharat Mata, and for their Ishta.

Against this backdrop, it is not merely ironic but deeply tragic when the Vice Chancellor, Shri Vinay Manohar Tiwari, says:

Instead of these, bringing a discussion on an invader like Babur to Bhopal is beyond comprehension, especially when Ayodhya is being illuminated on a path of faith and development. Under the New Education Policy, Babur and Aurangzeb are also being removed from history curricula. Then why do we wish to keep these ghosts of history alive in our discourse? This is the time to tell India’s own great epics, from the Ramayana to a national renaissance. The Prime Minister himself reiterates this again and again.

In my view, at such a sensitive and energetically positive moment, placing an invader like Babur at the centre of discourse is not only foolish, but also entirely contrary to the current flow of India’s soul. At the very least, ideological rituals conducted with the support of the administration should have been kept free of this. Yet, regrettably, a shrill controversy has once again become associated with Bharat Bhavan. BLF used an author and his book as a shield to play this game within the sacred परिसर of Bharat Bhavan. This is intolerable.

I am taken aback by the words of the Vice-Chancellor; not merely because they are historically shallow, but because they misrepresent the Prime Minister himself.

Only days ago, the Prime Minister led the commemoration marking one thousand years since the first destruction of Somnath. On multiple occasions, including while speaking on Guru Parab, the Prime Minister has openly referred to the barbarity of Babur, to invasions, and to civilizational trauma. Very recently, even the National Security Advisor reaffirmed the importance of telling the stories of our gory past. These words are uttered by them as they care for the ethos of Bharat.

A civilisation cannot be asked to celebrate itself while being instructed to forget its wounds. The calamities brought by invaders, forced conversions, sex slavery, mass slaughter, and cultural erasure are not rhetorical exaggerations; they are historical facts. K.S. Lal was not a naïve provocateur when he documented that nearly 80 million people were lost between 1000 and 1500 CE during Islamic invasions.

The celebration of Bharat is incomplete, indeed dishonest, without remembering those who sacrificed so that I may still wear the Raksha Sutra and the Tilak. One cannot speak of Shri Ram while sanitising the ferocity of Ravan. To do so is intellectual fraud.

This selective amnesia is precisely the legacy of Nehruvian historiography, which chose to suppress historical wrongs in the name of a contrived positivity and a manufactured idea of Hindu–Muslim unity. The result has been a prolonged civilizational Stockholm syndrome, where the victim is trained to apologise for remembering.

I write this on the day we commemorate thirty-six years since the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus. Even today, there are voices claiming that “nothing really happened” in Kashmir. That denial exists because the past was sanitised, its horrors pushed under the carpet.

How does one stand at Martand Mandir, one of the most sacred sites of Kashmir, and not acknowledge that every surviving Muslim demographic there is a reminder of a Hindu civilisation that was systematically erased? This is not rhetoric. It is a historical truth. Kashmir was a Hindu land, home to multiple sampradayas, including Buddhist traditions. Under the guidance of figures like Sufi Hamdani, forced conversions transformed that landscape, leading to the near-vanishing of Kashmiri Hindus.

If we cannot speak this truth aloud, then what exactly are we preserving?

There are countless such histories that must be spoken; from mandirs and from every sacred geography of Bharat, to honour the promise made by generations of Kshatriyas who sacrificed themselves for the motherland.

What is even more disturbing is that the Vice-Chancellor today sounds less like an academic and more like a spokesperson for those who were intellectually dishonest from the very beginning; those who falsely reported that the Bhopal Literature Festival was hosting a session to “glorify Babur.” They did not bother to read even a single page of my book.

The protest was staged on a false premise. Threats were issued, of burning books, of disrupting the event, of physical harm. Faced with legitimate security concerns, the organisers cancelled my session. Let us call it what it was: a de facto ban.

Does the Vice-Chancellor understand that I had security concerns? Does he understand that I came to Bhopal to discuss my own book, not to provoke anyone? And yet he makes statements suggesting that the festival was merely “using” me; as though my cancellation were a political tactic rather than an act of intimidation.

Politics can wait. Intellectual honesty cannot.

To compound this farce, Swadesh published a piece boasting that it had ensured the “triumph of culture and dharma” by preventing my session. One must ask: what kind of world are we inhabiting? In the process, they have turned Hindutva itself into a laughing stock.

Today, media portals openly speak of the Right devouring itself. Headlines mock, “Babur haunts…”. The damage is done.

The irony is brutal: for generations to come, it will be remembered that those draped in saffron could not even stand by one of their own, someone was vilified without being read, was silenced without being heard.

Why does he believe that merely stating he has authored a book on “Islamic Rule in Hindustan” somehow legitimises his stance in condemning my session?

I am certain this is not jealousy. Yet by invoking his authorship as a moral shield, he leaves precisely that aftertaste, of an author unsettled by another scholar working on the same civilisational fault line. A reality check, however, is necessary.

His work is largely derivative, grounded in the magnum opus of Elliot and Dowson, which itself relies on selective translations of Muslim chroniclers. My approach has been fundamentally different; and deliberately so. I followed the methodological path recommended by Sir Jadunath Sarkar in his 1953 retirement address: to engage original sources in the language of authority.

Across Babur–I and Babur–II, I have produced nearly one thousand pages based on direct engagement with Persian manuscripts. I have pointed out inaccuracies and interpretative distortions in the translations of Annette Susannah Beveridge, and others. One may state that this was an act of polemics, but the truth is, I was reading the original manuscripts alongside the translations and fallacies (inconsistencies) were easy to find.

By stating so, I’m not making any claim of superiority. Rather I’m just elaborating the statement of method adopted by me which was suggested as the “way” to deal with history by veteran, Sarkar.

When the national debate on Babur resurfaced following NCERT changes, I was among the very few historians, apart from RC Majumdar and Sir Jadunath Sarkar, who were publicly referenced as part of the so-called “Nationalist-wing” scholarly tradition. When people now claim that the Right produces no scholars, it is precisely because individuals occupying decorated offices lend credibility to such lazy generalisations. Perhaps you wish to gatekeep words of Nationalists on invaders only to give more opportunity to distortion creators like Audrey Truschkey. 

If he believes I had no reason to protest, if he feels my letter to the Prime Minister was unnecessary, then I can only pity the intellectual poverty of that position. Perhaps only among all politicians, Narendra Modi understands at best how grotesque it is to censor discussion on invaders, because he himself spoke openly about Islamic invasions while commemorating one thousand years of the destruction of Somnath, and he did so from the sacred precincts of Somnath itself.

To invoke the Prime Minister as a shield for silencing discourse on Babur is therefore intellectually dishonest and outright absurd.

I regard Bharat Bhavan as one of the most significant cultural institutions of Bharat. For me, it is no less than a temple. I studied that complex closely during my undergraduate training in architecture. Designed by Charles Correa, it is a sacred spatial expression of Indian civilisational memory. I can state with confidence that I have treated Bharat Bhavan with greater reverence since the age of seventeen than many office bearers who now posture as its custodians.

And precisely because of that sanctity, there could have been no better place to speak about the forged “Bhopal Wasiyatnama”, the so-called Will of Babur, used repeatedly to paint him as a paragon of tolerance. That was the core subject of my session.

There could have been no better place to discuss a book that is perhaps the only one in the world dedicated to the brave women of Chanderi (Madhya Pradesh), who committed jauhar five centuries ago; after which Babur declared the region Dar-ul-Harb cleared and Dar-ul-Islam established.

There could have been no better place to speak of the valour symbolised by bangles, of Shakti, because without recognising that valour, all hollow invocations of “culture and tradition” are meaningless. These women did not leap into fire for some pointless posturing. They did so for the Dharma.

But such truths are inconvenient when politics colonises the mind; when culture becomes a fashionable slipper one drags around while loudly proclaiming, “I walk culture.”

And what did Swadesh do when I protested? It stooped to character assassination. It dredged up my Marxist phase, which actually existed from 2008–2012, a four-year period, constituting barely nine percent of my life; and used it to allege opportunism. What it concealed was that for the last thirteen years, over thirty percent of my lived life, I have worked consistently as a Hindutva ideologue, almost my entire adult life.

Only a wilfully ignorant analyst; or a propagandist would employ such dishonest arithmetic.

I continue to practise as an architect, working twelve hours a day. In parallel, I taught myself Persian to access original manuscripts. Writing detailed historical works grounded in primary sources is not how one becomes a “poster boy.” It is how one attempts to become a scholar.

Then came his letter (of the VC); sanctimonious, evasive, soaked in “Ishwar–Allah Tero Naam” sentimentality, while cloaking itself in concern for the Ramayana. Mahatma Gandhi too invoked Ram Rajya with pacifism. That is precisely the tone this letter carried.

But how does one speak of the Ramayana and omit the Ram–Ravan Yuddha? Will Ravan be erased as well in the name of “positivity”?

In conclusion, I can only add that Bharat Bhavan is not merely an arts centre. It is a civilisational space that must echo the spirit articulated by Shri Krishna and Bhagwan Ram, the centrality of Kshatriya Dharma. And Kshatriya Dharma is meaningless without Shatrubodh, the clarity to recognise the enemy.

The Vice-Chancellor could have taken a principled stand. Instead, he has chosen politics over truth. History will remember that choice.

And regrettably, it will remember him among those who feared Babur.

Has Iran been able to ‘deal with’ the protests despite Trump’s bravado? Here is what is happening under Ayatollah regime now

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On 19th January, Iran’s police chief announced a limited surrender window for those involved in “riots”. It was not just a law and order message. It was Tehran’s way of signalling that the Islamic Republic believes it has weathered the most dangerous phase of the unrest.

In his statement, police chief Ahmad Reza Radan promised leniency for “deceived” youth while issuing a warning to organised hostile elements. He framed the protests as a contained security challenge rather than an existential threat to the regime.

This framing is central to how Iran is presenting events, especially in response to aggressive rhetoric from the President of the United States, Donald Trump, whose public calls for Iranians to remain on the streets have been dismissed in Tehran as reckless provocation rather than support for genuine dissent.

From surrender call to claim of restored control

Radan’s announcement came after several days of relative calm in the country. Iran had witnessed violent unrest for weeks. Armed patrols, checkpoints, and a visible security presence across major cities, including sensitive locations such as Tehran’s Grand Bazaar, showed the state had gone on full throttle to reassert control. According to Iranian officials, thousands were arrested and the streets are no longer witnessing mass mobilisation.

This sense of control is being projected deliberately by Tehran to counter international narratives portraying the protests as an unstoppable uprising against clerical rule.

How economic anger turned into nationwide unrest

The protests in Iran initially erupted after a sharp fall in the Iranian rial. This triggered anger among shopkeepers and traders in commercial districts. Rising prices, unemployment, and economic hardship further pushed the protests to flare up. However, within days, slogans moved beyond economic grievances to direct calls for regime change. Demonstrations were reported in major Iranian cities including Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, and Shiraz.

On the nights of 8th and 9th January, the most violent phase of the protests unfolded. In a statement, the head of Iran’s forensic medicine authority, Abbas Masjedi Arani, said that many victims were shot in the head or chest at close range or stabbed. His statement indicated intent to kill rather than crowd control gone wrong. State media reported that most of the dead were young Iranians, many in their twenties.

Internet blackout and information war

As violence escalated, Tehran imposed a near total internet and mobile communication shutdown. The blackout severely restricted coordination among protesters. It also prevented images and videos of the protests from reaching the outside world.

Amid the chaos, Elon Musk’s satellite powered internet service, Starlink, provided some hope to protesters, as Musk has repeatedly claimed his service cannot be blocked. However, Iran reportedly did the “unimaginable” and blocked almost 80% access to Starlink services, allegedly with the help of Russian tech and Chinese research.

While some services have since been restored in the country, the episode showed how tightly the state controls information during crises. For Tehran, the blackout was not merely about internal security but also about countering the narrative war playing out in international media.

Tehran’s accusation, Trump and foreign backing

Iranian leaders have been blunt in assigning blame for the protests. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei publicly described Trump as a criminal and held him responsible for casualties and destruction caused by “foreign linked armed elements”.

In an op ed for Russia’s TASS news agency, Iran’s ambassador to Moscow, Kazem Jalali, accused Trump of being the architect of the “maximum pressure” sanctions regime while simultaneously issuing contradictory messages about protecting the Iranian people. According to him, provocative statements from Washington encouraged violence and enabled groups seeking to turn protests into riots.

Trump’s own remarks fuelled this perception. At the height of the unrest, he warned Iranian authorities against using force and claimed that “help is on the way”, language Tehran interpreted as open encouragement of regime change.

Competing narratives on casualties

Khamenei has acknowledged that “thousands” were killed during the unrest, which is an unusually direct admission. US based Human Rights Activists News Agency claimed more than 3,300 were killed and tens of thousands were arrested. Reuters cited regional sources suggesting an even higher toll, particularly in Kurdish majority areas.

Iranian authorities reject claims that security forces carried out mass killings or coerced families over burials. They insist that armed groups backed by hostile foreign powers were responsible for much of the bloodshed.

Why this matters for India

Beyond Iran’s internal politics, the unrest has wider regional implications that are not necessarily in India’s interests. Trump backed destabilisation in Iran is not a moral crusade but a strategic gamble that risks reshaping the region to India’s disadvantage.

Iran is central to India’s access to Afghanistan and Central Asia through the Chabahar port, a project designed explicitly to bypass Pakistan. Any shift towards a US aligned or unstable Iran could restrict India’s use of Chabahar under American pressure. This would weaken India’s already diminished footprint in Afghanistan after the Taliban’s return in 2021.

There is also historical context that informs India’s caution. A Western backed Iran under the Shah was not friendly to Indian interests. Tehran openly supported Pakistan during the 1965 and 1971 wars, supplying arms, oil, and military equipment. The idea that a pro Western Iran would automatically align with India ignores this record.

Pakistan’s leverage and Afghanistan’s fault lines

A weakened or US aligned Iran could indirectly strengthen Pakistan’s hand in Afghanistan. Iran and Pakistan share a long border, and closer coordination under Western influence could further isolate regions where India once had influence. For New Delhi, this would compound an already unfavourable strategic environment in the region.

Trade corridors are also at stake. India’s ambitions through the International North South Transport Corridor, which runs via Iran to Central Asia and Russia, could be affected if Iran is pressured to prioritise alternative routes aligned with US or Pakistan backed interests.

Has the regime dealt with the protests?

By issuing a surrender ultimatum rather than escalating threats, Tehran’s leadership is projecting confidence that it has contained the unrest. Street protests have largely died down, and the security apparatus is mostly in place.

However, the deeper question is not just whether Tehran has restored order, but at what cost. What will be the regional consequences of the recent protests in the longer run? For India, the lesson remains unchanged. US driven regime change narratives in West Asia do not automatically serve Indian interests. Even if stability in Iran is imperfect, it is strategically preferable to chaos encouraged by external powers whose priorities do not align with India.

‘American consumers paying nearly all of the price’: Study finds the real casualties of US President Donald Trump’s tariff war

The United States President Donald Trump’s favourite foreign policy tool to dominate both allies and adversaries alike appears to have more profound effects on his own citizens than on the respective nations. On 19th January (Monday), a report released by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy found that Americans are paying nearly all of the costs associated with US tariffs. “America’s own goal: Americans are largely responsible for funding Trump’s tariffs” highlighted the tangible effects of this policy.

The sweeping tariffs slapped by the Trump administration have been determined to empty the pockets of his country’s citizens in stark contrast to the bold declarations of “tens of billions of dollars flowing into America.” The strategy in reality hurts the US economy, despite the administration’s intention for the tariffs to go after foreign companies, the study suggest.

Julian Hinz, who co-authored the report, stated, “The tariffs are an own goal. The claim that foreign countries pay these tariffs is a myth. The data show the opposite: Americans are footing the bill.” He is an economics professor at Germany’s Bielefeld University and research director at the institute. The tariffs function similarly to a consumption tax for imported items and simultaneously leave fewer options in terms of both variety and quantity.

The research team examined over 25 million shipment records totalling nearly $4 trillion in US imports between January 2024 and November 2025. It uncovered that the customs income of the country rose by almost $200 billion in the last year “paid almost exclusively by Americans in additional tariff revenue.” According to Hinz, this will eventually lead to stronger inflation in the United States.

Likewise, just 4% of the tariff burden was borne by foreign exporters as the remaining 96% was shifted to US consumers. Moreover, the export prices did not decline while trade volumes plummeted. “There is no such thing as foreigners transferring wealth to the US in the form of tariffs,” he reiterated.

India reduced import volumes without any alteration in prices

The analysis also looked into the unanticipated tariff spikes that were applied to Brazil and India in August of last year. The tariffs on Brazilian imports were unexpectedly hiked to 50%, while those on Indian imports reached 50% from 25% under the guise of trade imbalances and domestic manufacturing priorities. It also included the so-called penalty for ‘failing to halt the purchase of Russian oil’ and “aiding” the war in Ukraine.

However, the information demonstrated that overseas exporters did not cut their prices to compensate for the higher duties. If exporters had absorbed the taxes, the rates in the US would have fallen in comparison to other markets but this did not happen.

“We compared Indian exports to the US with shipments to Europe and Canada and identified a clear pattern. Both export value and volume to the US dropped sharply, by up to 24 per cent. But unit prices, the prices Indian exporters charged, remained unchanged. They shipped less, not cheaper,” Hinz outlined.

These results indicated that US businesses have to deal with declining profit margins and eventually higher charges for consumers. There is going to be pressure on nations that export to the US to find other markets as their sales would shrink. “Tariffs ultimately disadvantage everyone,” Hinz noted.

The findings are consistent with the latest results from economists at Harvard Business School and Yale’s Budget Lab. Furthermore, the tariffs represented as a leverage mechanism to cease hostilities in the name of trade deals to boost Trump’s self-proclaimed image as a “global peacemaker” or yield to US interests have left the Western power in a compromised position.

It also raised the possibility that the US might be at a disadvantage in a potential trade war with Europe. The US has imposed 10% tariffs on eight European and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) allies for opposing its control of Greenland. US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has warned against any retaliatory measures, calling them “very unwise.”

What came out of Trump’s tariffs

Trump repeatedly insisted that outsiders would pay the bill for his historic tariffs, which have been aggressively implemented over the past year as an instrument for both international policy and revenue-raising. These assertions even pushed some countries to enter into agreements with the United States.

However, sovereign nations like India resisted the pressure and now another report has shattered the illusion of the inflated effect of the tariffs. On the other hand, India’s growth persisted at an unprecedented scale, even in the face of tariffs. India’s real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) climbed at the fastest pace in six quarters during the second quarter of FY (Fiscal Year) 2025-2026, attaining an outstanding high of 8.2%, greatly outpacing predictions of 7.3% growth.

The nation keeps retaining the title of major economy with the fastest rate of growth in the world which surged from 5.6% in the same time last year and 7.8% in the last quarter, highlighting its resilience despite encountering challenging circumstances.

China, which was also at the receiving end of the tariffs leading to a series of retaliatory moves and trade war also announced that it has achieved the highest trade surplus in history.

Beijing declared on 14th January that it had the largest trade surplus in history, with $1.19 trillion in goods and services sent outside compared to its imports which is a 20% increase from 2024 even after accounting for inflation. The country’s monthly export surpluses surpassed $100 billion seven times in 2025. It meant that its overall trade with the rest of the world was hardly hurt by Trump’s tariff push.

Trump has reduced foreign policy to weaponised tariffs, utilising them as devices of both punishment and reward. Any country that refuses to comply with his unreasonable and outrageous demands is subjected to them, while those that do comply receive reductions. However, the aforementioned research has established that Trump has seemingly harmed his own country while attempting to punish others, including New Delhi. Similarly, the tariffs did not significantly impact the trade or growth of its targets as they progressed beyond expectations.